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N9 lO-FOXS ATHLETIC LIBRARY 





RICHARD K. FOX, 

PROPRIETOR OF THE POLICE GAZETTE 
PUBLISHING HOUSE. 



OFFICIAL 

BASE BALL 

GUIDE 

By JOHN J. McGRAW 

MANAGER-CAPTAIN OF THE NEW YORK CLUB 
NATIONAL LEAGUE. 



ALSO THE OFFICIAL 

RULES FOR 1905 

AND SCHEDULE OF GAMES TO BE PLAYED. 



FULLY ILLUSTRATED 



RICHARD K. FOX, Publisher 
FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY 



a- 



LIBRARY of GONGRESS 
Two Copies rteceiveU 

IVIAR 21 1905 
Oopyrignt tntry 

COPY B. 

'1 I, I , 



Copyright 


1905 


by 




Bicliard K, 


Fox 



INDEX 

PREFACE 7 

HOW TO PITCH 9 

THE SPIT BALLi 11-13-15 

HINTS ON PITCHING 17 

THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT 25 

PLAYING FIRST BASE 35 

ON SECOND BASE 41 

THE THIRD BASEMAN 47 

SHORT STOP 53 

AT THE BAT 57 

THE OUTFIELDERS 67 

CONCERNING BASE RUNNING 71 

SLIDING TO BASE 75 

ON BUNTING 77 

SCHEDULE FOR NATIONAL AND AMERICAN 

LEAGUE GAMES FOR 1905 80, 81, 82, 83 

OFFICIAL RULES FOR 1905 85 

RULES FOR PAST SEASON'S CHAMPIONSHIP 

GAMES 113 

NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES. 117, 118, 119 

AMERICAN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES 120, 121 

NATIONAL LEAGUE RECORD OF GAMES FOR 1904. 125 
AMERICAN LEAGUE RECORD OF GAMES FOR 1904. 125 

PENNANT WINNERS, NATIONAL LEAGUE 122 

PENNANT WINNERS, AMERICAN LEAGUE 122 

RECORD OF WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES 121 

RECORDS OF THE MlNOR LEAGUES FOR 1904 

122, 123, 124 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 

RICHARD K. FOX 2 

CAPT.-MANAGER JOHN J. M'cGRAW 8 

HOW TO PITCH : 

JACK CHESBRO 10 

SPIT BALL 12 

SPIT BALL 14 

FOR A FAST INSHOOT 16 

FOR A SLOW DROP 18 

FOR A FAST HIGH INSHOOT 20 

FOR A SPEEDY OUTCURVE 22 

FOR SPEEDY DROP 24 

McGINNITY ABOUT TO DELIVER 26 

WILTSE FRAMING UP A CURVE 28 

McGUIRE AS THE BALL COMES 30 

WARNER SIGNALLING THE PITCHER , 32 

BOWERMAN MAKING SIGNALS 34 

BROWNE SHOWING THE WRONG WAY TO PLAY 

A BASE 36 

TOMMY LEACH AT THE BAT 38 

LAJOIE FACING THE PITCHER 40 

FRED CLARK READY FOR A BUNT 42 

BRESNAHAN HITTING A LINER 44 

HANS WAGNER READY FOR A BUNT 46 

CLARK GRIFFITH IN ACTION 48 

ELBERFELD AFTER A GROUNDER 50 

THE PROPER WAY TO GET A HIGH ONE 52 

THE WRONG WAY TO JUMP 54 

LYNCH CALCULATING A FLY 56 

GILBERT AND WARNER IN ACTION 58 

THE GIANTS, 1904 TEAM 60 

THE BOSTON AMERICANS, 1904 TEAM 62 

WALTER CLARKSON 66 

HARRY C. PULLIAM 78 

OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A FIELD 87 



PREFACE. 



It is a source of great pleasure to me to be 
called upon to prepare a second edition of a book 
on base ball, the National game of the United 
States, played and attended by its enthusiasts, 
who range from boys in knickerbockers to men 
who have passed the prime of life. 

When I wrote the first volume — which in 1904 
had the greatest sale of any book ever published 
on the subject, I was requested to make the in- 
tricate points of the game as simple as possible, 
in order that they might be a guide to the young 
fellows who were forming nines, not only in this 
country, but abroad as well. 

I wrote, then, for the amateur, as those who 
used the book as a guide well know. And so 
this edition is on the same lines. 

Not a year passes by but there are changes of 
some kind or other in the great game, and these 
have been carefully noted in the following pages. 

The most important innovation for young 
pitchers to study this year is what is known as 
the spit ball, which is the most erratic and de- 
ceptive ball the man at the bat has to contend 
against. 




CAPT.-MANAGER JOHN J. McGRAW. 



It seems — like Jeffries — to be in a class of its 
own. The opening chapter has been devoted to 
it, and the description is sufficiently clear to en- 
able the beginner to study it out. 

If you cannot master it at first — and you will 
probably meet with many failures — keep at it 
until you succeed. Constant and unremitting 
practise is sure to produce good results in any- 
thing. 

The manner of holding' the ball is shown by 
a photograph, which leaves nothing to the imagi- 
nation. 

Base ball was never so popular as it is now- 
and its popularity is bound to increase instead 
of decrease, because the diamond is the greatest 
training school in the world for the young Amer- 
can — mentally as well as physically. It tends to 
make a man quick in action, both in body and 
mind, and it develops all that is best in him. 

This little volume is made doubly valuable by 
reason of the official rules and statistics of the 
games of 1904, as well as other records of author- 
ity, which will settle many a vexed discussion. 




J / 

New York, March i, 1905. 





JACK CHESEBRO, INVENTOR OF THE SPIT BALL. 



HOW TO PITCH THE SPIT BALL. 



The spit ball, which is probably the most de- 
ceptive ball that a batter ever struck at, is thrown 
at medium speed. If thrown fast it loses its ef- 
fect. It must be carefully judged, for if it is too 
slow it will break too soon and probably hit the 
ground before it reaches the catcher. 

To throw a spit ball wet the first and second 
fingers, so it will slip away instead of rolling 
away. With the latter movement the curve is 
sharp, but with the former it is sudden and some- 
times startling. 

It will be found difficult at first to control the 
ball, and the beginner is apt to be discouraged 
because of his wild throws. 

Bear in mind one thing: In ordinary and 
curve pitching the ball leaves the thumb first 
and the fingers last; with the spit ball this is re- 
versed, and the thumb is made to control the ball 
instead of the fingers. 

The wetting of the two fingers is only for the 
purpose of allowing the ball to slip away from 
them easily. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 13 

Very little rotary motion is imparted to the 
*'spit" ball. It comes up big and slow and the 
batter can almost see the seams. Just as he 
draws back to hit it the ball seems to receive 
new impetus and drops or jumps as if struck 
down from behind. If the batter hits where 
he aimed he misses it probably a foot. 

That used to be the case before batters real- 
ized what they were up against. In desperation, 
after being fooled a few times, they took to run- 
ning up to meet the ball, with the hope of hitting 
it before it ''broke" or just as it was starting' to. 
In this, however, the advantage is all with the 
pitcher, as he may ''fake" a spit ball delivery and 
deliver a fast ball, which is past the batter before 
he gets started on his "run-up." 

That is what has caused so many former heavy- 
hitters to become disheartened and declare that 
nowadays, the batter is lucky if he hits .250 on 
the season. It certainly has cut down the hitting 
so much in one season that already a change in 
the rules is contemplated. 

Unlike an ordinary curved ball, the pitcher 
cannot be certain of the side direction the ball 
will take as it breaks downward. The perfect 
"spit" ball drops from a batter's hips to his knees 
or below in perhaps two feet of forward motion. 

The side breaks are determined by the manner 
in which the ball leaves the pitcher's hand. If 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 15 

the hand is turned with the arm facing down and 
to one side the break at the plate will be different 
than if the ball left the hand with the palm not 
turned over so far. There are a great many 
angles to deliver the ball from and different arm 
motions, but they must be studied out. 




HINTS ON PITCHING 



Almost every season makes a slight advance 
in the science of the game from the pitcher's 
standpoint, and it seems as if the game becomes 
more and more a proposition for the pitcher, and 
so too much space cannot be given to that most 
important of positions on a field, which requires 
and demands absolute confidence, coolness, clever- 
ness and speed. 

The best man is not the one v\^ho throv^^s the 
fastest ball, but the one who has mastered the 
art of deceiving the batsman. 

It is the business of the modern pitcher to 
study the batter closely and discover his weak 
points, and make them the object of his attack, 
so to speak, and not deliver a series of wild, hap- 
hazard throws and simply trust to luck and the 
outfield. A pitcher's object is to deceive the man 
at the bat, and to induce him to hit at deceptive 
balls, and that is where the curve, the drop, and 
the in-shoot come in. To be a good pitcher, a 
player must have the ability to deliver a great 
variety of balls, so that he will not be batted 
out of the box when his throws are gauged. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 19 



Fielding is another qualification a pitcher should 
cultivate. The balls that come his way from the 
bat are, as a rule, very swift liners or difficult 
grounders. He must think and act quickly, and 
be ready for any emergency. 

The watching of bases must also be taken into 
consideration, and the runners held close. More 
hits will unquestionably be made off the man who 
does this, but the score card will show fewer 
runs. 

A pitcher should throw the ball with a quick 
snap, making as few unnecessary movements as 
possible. Every act should be decisive, and many 
a base runner has come to grief because there was 
an alert pitcher in the box. 

He should pay a great deal of attention to the 
catcher, who is in a position to view the entire 
field, and be on the lookout for signals from him 
as to where the ball should be sent. Many a use- 
less throw can be saved by this and many a run- 
ner may be caught napping. 

He should be in a position to cover, in an emer- 
gency, any base left vacant, in order to catch a 
runner between bases. 

On all throws from the outfield to the home 
plate he should back up the catcher, although it 
may be considered advisable tO' take the ball him- 
self should the play, in his opinion, call for it. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 21 

When the ball is hit to him he should make 
up his mind in an instant what to do, and do it 
promptly, but without haste, which sometimes de- 
feats its own end. 

Never delay, but if the pitcher fields a ball he 
should get it to its destination as quickly and as 
accurately as possible. 

Many a pitcher, with too much confidence, has 
delayed too long, the baseman to whom he has 
thrown the ball has fumbled it, and as a result 
the runner has made the base. 

Above all things, the pitcher is not supposed 
to play an individual game. A team game is what 
counts in successful baseball, and while it is very 
gratifying to make a play for the grand stand, it 
is better for the good of the nine to work together. 

If the pitcher finds he is being hit freely he 
wants to do what fighters would do — steady him- 
self until he has regained his control and form. 

Pitching means more than the simple act of 
sending the ball across the plate. It means sci- 
ence, and careful study, as well as the art of know- 
ing just what kind of a ball to deliver at a critical 
moment. 

Pitchers have been known to throw a ball so 
close to the man at the bat that it was necessary 
for him to jump out of the way to save himself 
from being hit. The object was to get his nerve 
and make him lose his coolness. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. ^3 

The ideal pitcher is the man who plays the game 
with his head, who is ready for every emergency, 
cool, quick, alert, and never caught napping. 

Of course, a big man, for obvious reasons, 
makes a better pitcher than a small man, because 
he has physique to back him ; but that is no rea- 
son why a small man shouldn't make a good 
pitcher. 

It requires incessant practice to master the art, 
but it is well worth the trouble. 

The illustrations shown here regarding the de- 
livery of the ball should be carefully studied and 
conscientiously practiced, and success will surely 
follow. Only practice and experience will teach 
the novice. 




THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT. 



With pitchers studying out new and puzzHng 
curves, throwing first fast and then slow, with 
drops, in-shoots, out-shoots, and rising balls, the 
position of catcher becomes trebly important, 
and his work increased accordingly. He must 
have a quick eye, strong hands, and g:ood nerve, 
for all three are necessary to good play in that 
particular position. 

Even in the most favorable light, the position 
is not an easy one, and it is always in the danger 
zone. 

Many a good catcher has pulled his team out 
of a hole at a critical moment, and has helped the 
pitcher to steady himself. The catcher is the 
man who is practically in control of the field, 
because his position faces every player, and, con- 
sequently, not a move should escape him. By a 
system of signals he can notify the pitcher of 
every move made by the base runner, and when 
and where to throw a ball to catch a man napping. 
A long reach is almost indispensable for a 
catcher, for by its means he will be the better 
enabled to handle wild pitches which come his 
way. 




McGINNITY ABOUT TO DELIVER. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. ^7 

A catcher who can hold the balls, no matter 
how fast or erratic they come, is bound to in- 
spire a pitcher with confidence, to say nothing of 
the good effect his work will have upon the rest 
of the team. 

A catcher with weight is bound to have a great 
advantage over a lighter man, because with nerve 
and pounds he will be better enabled to block a 
base runner who is willing to take all kinds of 
chances. He is bound to have nerve, anyhow, if 
he expects to be successful behind the bat, be- 
cause it is a great strain to be compelled to face 
the rapid-fire work of a good pitcher, watch the 
field, look after fouls, and protect the home plate. 

The catcher should never weaken in his work. 
If he is up against a fast, strong pitcher, he must 
take the balls as they come, and not be afraid of 
them. 

For this the best thing is practice, and keep 
at it. His hands should never be allowed to grow 
soft. The good catcher will let nothing go past 
him ; he must be able to throw accurately, and he 
must have a brain that acts quickly. He must 
watch the bases closely and head ofif a runner. 

Many a game has been lost by the wild throw 
of a catcher who wasn't well up in the game ; and 
there is no position on the team that calls for 
harder work. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



He must be thoroughly famiHar with signals, 
and be able to use them in such a manner that 
they will not be learned by any of the opposing 
players. 

There is style in catching, just as there is style 
in anything else. There is a way to stand and a 
place to stand, as well as a way to throw. 

In standing, the body should be bent well for- 
ward from the hips, with the knees straight, or 
almost SO'. The object is to assume such a posi- 
tion that the ball can be readily handled at any 
point from the ground up. 

Don't crouch, but assume an easy position. 

Don't make any more work than is necessary, 
as energy is a good thing to take care of. 

Keep your feet fairly close together — never 
more than 12 inches apart — and always be pre- 
pared for a quick throw. Bear in mind that the 
catcher must be prepared for every kind of an 
emergency, and he must be in form to make a long 
throw, stop a low ball, a high ball, or get to a foul 
at an instant's notice. 

The catcher and the pitcher should thoroughly 
understand each other, and after the signal the 
hands should be held in such a position that the 
batter will not have any reason to suspect which 
kind of a ball is coming at the next throw; so 
never give any of the opposing team any advan- 
tage in that direction. 




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SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 3' 

The position of the catcher can always be 
changed when the pitcher is ready to dehver the 
ball, and he can then prepare himself to hold it. 

Too much importance cannot be placed upon 
throwing accurately and promptly to the bases, 
and here again is where practice will make the 
good player. One of the best catchers in the 
business has this to say: 

*'When about to catch a ball which is to be 
immediately thrown, be in a position to receive 
the ball on the right side ; take one short step 
with the left foot, and in throwing, send the ball 
straight from the shoulder without drawing the 
arm too far back/' 

There isn't a great lot of speed in a ball of 
that character, but there is less time spent in start- 
ing it on the way, and that more than equalizes 
matters. 

In making long throws the ball should be sent 
overhand, but in throwing to first and third bases 
the snap throw will be found to be best. 

Don't catch with a stiff arm, as it is Hable to 
injure the hands. Relax the muscles and let the 
hands give with the ball. Don't meet it with a 
jolt and increase the strain. 

The good catcher will be careful to keep his 
hands in good condition, and take no chances of 
having them crippled. 

Now a word as to foul flies. 




WARNER SIGNALLING THE PITCHER. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 33 



It looks easy from the outfield or grand stand 
for a catcher to get under a foul, but it takes a 
quick, alert player to handle them successfully. 
They are usually hit behind him, and it is some- 
times very confusing to have to turn around too 
quickly. But here is where practice comes in 
again, and it doesn't do any harm to practice on 
fouls. 

There have been many arguments as to where 
a catcher should stand when guarding the home 
plate, and there is a considerable difference of 
opinion on this point. Some stand a couple of feet 
back of the line and near the plate, contending 
that this makes it impossible for the runner to 
slide around them. But the majority seem to 
concede that the proper position is in front of 
the plate and about two feet toward third base. 

Courage is most essential in a catcher's makeup, 
and he must be quick to think and quick to act. 





McGUIRE, AS THE BALL COMES. 



PLAYING FIRST BASE. 



There was a time, years ago, when the posi- 
tion of first baseman was not nearly so important 
as it is to-day, and so the man who defends that 
bag must be a particularly alert player. This may 
be more readily understood when the fact is 
stated that a large percentage of the balls thrown 
go to this point. With more than one man on 
bases his place is liable to be a critical one. 

It is considered good policy to cut ofif a player 
at third instead of the man who has just been at 
the bat, and who is trying to reach first, but 
the play should be made quickly. There are 
plenty of opportunities to make a double play, but 
many times they end in disaster, and allow the 
man on second base to g:et to third. So remem- 
ber the old rule — that one out is better than none 
out. 

Watch the man at the bat. 

When the bases are vacant play well into the 
field, in order to get hits that would otherwise 
be safe, and depend upon the pitcher to cover the 
base. In the event of fielding the ball at a short 




BOWERMAN MAKING SIGNALS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 37 

distance from the base, if the pitcher is covering 
it don't make the mistake of a swift overhand 
throw, which is hable to be muffed. 

In case the base is occupied, watch the batter 
closely, and if he bunts the ball toward first, run 
in and get it and throw it to second, on the chance 
that it may be returned promptly enough to head 
oflf the man who is trying to make first. 

Too much importance cannot be attached to this 
play, which has been adopted by all good first 
basemen. 

But don't hurry. 

Take your time, and make your throw accurate, 
and then get to your base, where you will be ready 
to receive the return throw. 

But before you throw, be sure that you will 
head the runner ofif. Make a sure-thing play of 
it, and if there should be any doubt about it, bear 
in mind that you can at least put out the batter. 

One of the most essential qualifications of a 
man playing first is his ability to successfully han- 
dle low balls, and a good clean pick up has re- 
tired many a runner at this point. 

A long reach is a good thing for any ball player 
to have, no matter in what position he plays, and 
its advantages in handling wild throws is self- 
evident. It is sometimes a difficult matter for a 
fielder to gauge a long throw, and the best posi- 
tion is to stand with both feet in front of the 




THE PROPER WAY TO GET A HIGH ONE. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 39 

base, SO' that the position may be readily changed 
from one side to the other, according as the ball 
may come. 

Foul flies come within the province of the first 
baseman, and in order to handle them he must be 
a speedy sprinter and always on the alert. 

And, finally, go after the ball — never wait for 
it to come to you. 

Above all, don't stand behind your base when 
you expect to be in the play, because there is a 
good chance that the ball will reach you at the 
same time the runner arrives at the base, and he 
will be safe. 

Go forward to meet the ball, if possible, and 
be where you can command control of the bag. 





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ON SECOND BASE. 



It requires a cool head for second base, as well 
as a thorough familiarity with the signals, and 
many a man holding down second has brought 
disaster to his side by going up in the air at a 
critical moment. 

Assuming that the first and third bases are oc- 
cupied, and that the man on first is trying to steal 
to second, the man on second will give the signal 
to the catcher for a long throw, while the short 
stop will back him up. 

Then, if the man on third attempts to score, 
a wide-awake second baseman will return the ball 
to the home plate and cut him off. 

Then, assuming that the man on third does not 
try to score, the second baseman will allow the 
ball to go to the short stop, who has temporarily 
covered the base, and put out the runner from 
first to second. 

This is more or less of a trick play, when made 
under these circumstances, in order to induce the 
runner on third base to attempt to score. 




LYNCH CALCULATING A FLY. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 43 

This play has caused more criticism among the 
experts than any other on the diamond, but it is 
given here in the way it is played by those second 
basemen who rank as stars. 

Quick judgment is absolutely necessary to this 
position, for with a runner on first, and the ball 
hit out to near him, a man hasn't got a great while 
to think what to do. Here is his chance for a 
double play, which he ought readily to make, if 
he keeps his head. But this, of course, with the 
understanding that nO' one, or perhaps one man, 
is out. 

The proper place to stand is just inside of the 
line, two or three feet from the base, unless, of 
course, the runner happens to be a diver or a 
slider, when it is advisable to play behind the 
line. 

The object of playing inside the line is to be 
nearer the ball on a short throw from the catcher, 
and gathering in a grounder quickly. 

A great many flies come tO' the second baseman's 
territory, and many of them are extremely diffi- 
cult to handle. He may have to go to center or 
right field, or he may have to run in almost to 
the pitcher. In cases of this kind there is always 
the chance of two men, both after the same ball, 
colliding. To avoid this, if he is reasonably sure 
of getting the fly, he should shout : 

•T'll take it!'' 




THE WRONG WAY TO JUMP. 



THE THIRD BASEMAN. 



The third baseman is right in line with some 
of the hardest hits, which it takes no httle amount 
of nerve and courage tO' face. 

Besides this, he occupies what is considered by 
many experts one of the most difficult positions 
on the diamond. 

When a runner is on third base, the temptation 
to steal home is very great, and here is where the 
third baseman's alertness comes into play. With 
one run needed to win, or tie the score, his posi- 
tion is indeed a trying one, and it frequently hap- 
pens that the game is in his hands. 

A good man on third can make the position a 
comparatively easy one, just the same as a good 
man anywhere can do any kind of work with less 
exertion than one who may be less capable. 

The good man on third will study the peculiari- 
ties of the men at the bat, and become just as fa- 
miliar with them as the pitcher. He will pick 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 49 

out the hunters, and try, as far as is possihie, to 
anticipate the play. The toughest proposition he 
has to face is the expert with the willow, who is 
not only a scientific batter, but a sprinter of abil- 
ity. 

He must make up his mind that the batter is 
just as clever as he is, and will try and deceive 
him, if possible. 

Such a batter will do all in his power to induce 
the baseman to play in close by pretending to bunt, 
and will then make a safe hit. 

So the man on third who expects to be really 
good in the position must know to a certain extent 
about what is going to happen — in advance. 

He should field all of the easy, slow hits, in- 
stead of the short stop, with whom he must have 
a complete understanding. And as in every other 
position on a nine, team work counts for a great 
deal in the long run. But he shouldn't conflict 
with the short stop by endeavoring to reach a ball 
that ought to be fielded by the latter. 

He should also watch the bases, and when he 
throws the ball, throw it to the right place at the 
right time. 

If it should so happen, as it frequently does, that 
a runner is on first base, and a hit is made to third, 
he should throw the ball to second, from whence 
it will go to first, with two out as the result. But 




HANS WAGNER READY FOR A BUNT. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 5^ 

if there is no chance for a double play, he should 
give the throw to second the preference, by all 
means. 

There are many intricacies in this position which 
will soon be mastered by an earnest, intelligent, 
ambitious player, if he will study them. 




SHORT STOP. 



This means an exceedingly active man, good 
at a sprint, quick to get in action, and just as 
quick to stop; a good and accurate thrower, and 
the more abiUty he has to throw a ball the better 
will he be able to support a very trying posi- 
tion. 

He is also an emergency second and third base- 
man, and must be always ready to get to either 
one very quickly when he is wanted. 

The short stop covers a territory in which it 
is very easy for an experienced batter to send 
the ball, and he must, perforce, keep all his wits 
about him. It frequently happens that he will 
have to field the ball on a run. He must then 
make a dead stop and send it to first without de- 
lay. 

The position of short stop ofifers many oppor- 
tunities for individual star plays, and the work 
of a good man will have no little effect upon the 
score card. 




TOMMY LEACH AT THE BAT. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 55 



And here, again, a word of caution, which 
seems to be particularly appropriate. Don't throw 
the ball until you are sure you are going to get 
it to the hands of the man who is waiting to re- 
ceive it, and don't be over anxious. Wild throws 
and fumbles are inexcusable errors, which should 
never be made. 

Better not throw the ball at all, than throw it 
wild, and give the runner a chance to make an- 
other base, or perhaps score. 

The duty of a short stop includes that of tak- 
ing part in the play when a runner is caught be- 
tween the bases, and he assists the baseman in 
running the player down. Don't make too many 
throws in play. Start off at full speed, and get 
the runner in action, and then make the throw to 
the fielder who is in front of the man. A few 
throws will generally do the trick, and a lot of 
surplus energy will be saved. 

The short stop should thoroughly familiarize 
himself with the system of signals of the team, 
especially those which are used between the catch- 
er and the first and second basemen, so that he 
will be informed of approaching plays, and be 
able to back them up promptly and effectively. 

He is supposed to- be an all-around man, and 
he is ; and his business is to help the other play- 
ers on the team whenever and wherever it is pos- 
sible to do so. 




BRESNAHAN HITTING A LINER. 



AT THE BAT. 



In many games the batting tells the story, and 
while a player may be a star in almost any posi- 
tion on the nine, yet he is liable to be weak when 
at the bat. 

The way to learn how to handle the bat is to 
go up against a good pitcher and try and hit him. 
Practice is everything, but in batting there is a 
great deal more to be learned than would seem 
at first glance. The veriest tyro can take a ball 
and a bat and knock flies and grounders, and he 
can become so proficient that he will be able to 
send the sphere a long distance. But put him up 
against a good pitcher, and he will fan the air for 
a few minutes and then go and take a seat on 
the bench and give somebody else a chance. 

So' to all baseball players this advice is given : 

Learn how to bat pitched balls, and train the 
eye to follow the ball and gauge it accurately. 

There are very few young men who, if they hit 
a ball fairly, cannot send it a great distance ; they 
have muscle enough for that, so that it isn't a ques- 




LAJOIE FACING THE PITCHER. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 59 

tion of strength alone; but the thing is to hit it, 
and the science of it all is to put it in a good safe 
spot, whether it is in the infield or the outfield. 

Ajid now assume that the game has begun, and 
you are at the bat. Don't be in a hurry; there 
is plenty of time. Watch the pitcher, and when 
he delivers the ball shift your eyes to it. 

Stand firm, with the legs not too far apart, and 
within easy reaching distance of the plate. 

Be confident. 

Don't let the pitcher get your nerve. 

When the pitcher is about to deliver the ball 
be prepared to meet it, and try and make up your 
mind whether it is a fast ball or a slow ball. 

Study his delivery, and try to discover what he 
is going to do next. 

Rather let a ball go and have a strike, than 
miss it, because nothing is so discouraging as to 
hit at a ball and miss it. The weight should be 
on the forward foot, and once the ball has been 
started don't attempt to change your position, and 
don't make a wild swing or reach for it. 

A trained eye and close calculation will do more 
for the man at the bat than the muscles of San- 
dow ; and be careful not to take a long step on the 
spur of the moment in going after what seems 
an easy ball. Keep all the advantage of height 
in order to bat a moderately high ball. 




FRED CLARK READY FOR A BUNT. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



The secret of a long hit is not muscle ; it's knack. 
It lies in the hitting of the ball at precisely the 
proper moment, with a sharp, quick stroke, and 
adding to it the impetus given by the shoulders. 

It isn't necessary to swing hard, either ; in fact, 
in many cases, it is a fatal error, and it robs the 
batter of his judgment of distance and accuracy. 

Don't look for a home run. The base hit is 
what pulls the batting average up. 

Study the field, and master the ability to send 
the ball into a certain territory, rather than to try 
and send it a great distance ; and don't forget 
that flies are fatal to the batter in many instances. 

It is conceded that the bat should hit the ball 
not more than six inches from the end. 

The weight of the bat doesn't make a very great 
difference — that is at the option of the player. 

It is a hard matter to define just how the bat 
should be held, because many good players have 
their own opinion on this subject ; but you will not 
be very far out of the way if you keep the hands 
slightly apart, and in a position that the bat may 
be readily and easily handled. 

One of the most important things to learn is 
scientific hitting. For this the hands should be 
much further apart, and the player should lean 
forward and wait for a low ball, which is the 
best for this purpose. The trouble with a high 




HOW TO HOLD THE BAT FOR SHORT HIT. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 63 

ball is that the batter is liable to pop up an easy 
fly, which can be easily caught by the infield. 

The ability to place a ball in any certain terri- 
tory — it should be called an art — cannot be over- 
estimated, and too much attention cannot be given 
to it. 

This particular chapter is one of the most im- 
portant in this book, because it applies tO' all play- 
ers, no matter what their positions on the nine 
may be. Every man has to bat, while only two 
or three have to pitch, or occupy certain posi- 
tions on the field. 

And, above all, be confident. 

Don't be afraid of being hit with the ball. Re- 
member you are about to engage in a contest in 
which you will have nine men against you, and 
you have every chance of winning, notwithstand- 
ing the apparently unequal odds. 

For the batter, confidence is half the game ; and 
he shouldn't fear a pitched ball; the fact of be- 
ing hit by a ball shouldn't get a man's nerve. It's 
all in the game, and if a player is enthusiastic over 
the great national game he will be willing to take 
the few hard knocks that go with it. 

If your eyes are at all bad, don't play ball, for 
you will never succeed. Every ball player needs 
two good eyes, and he must use them all the 
time, and more especially when he is at the bat. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Nothing will so rattle a man as a wild pitcher, 
especially one who delivers a speedy ball, and 
many pitchers throw wild occasionally in order to 
make a batter nervous. But wait until the ball 
comes that you want. Make up your mind that 
you want to hit the ball if the opportunity offers, 
and don't hope and expect to be sent to your base 
on balls. Don't play a mechanic's game, but play 
for the love of the sport. 

The player who stands in the correct position 
at the plate will not often be hit, because he will 
be able to dodge and side step readily. 

When a player is at the bat, the only thing he 
has to consider is the ball, as it comes from the 
pitcher, and he shouldn't shrink back every time 
a fast ball comes near him. The man who can- 
not face a speedy ball shouldn't attempt to play the 
game seriously. 

Brains are just as necessary in playing ball as 
they are in business, and a man must think, and 
use them. 

Study the game, and bear in mind that a good 
man at the bat is a good man on any nine. 



THE OUTFIELDERS. 



The player who is a good outfielder is a valu- 
able and hnportant addition to any team. His 
motto should be, ''Don't wait, but get there/' 

There are two essential qualifications, and they 
must be well developed — a strong arm and the 
ability to sprint. 

Of course, it is understood that a fielder must 
possess other good points, but these come first, and 
without them he might as well try some other po- 
sition, for he will never make a success in the 
field. 

Practice and good judgment will tell the story, 
for a man never knows what he can do until he 
tries. 

It isn't everyone who can get under a fly and 
hold it, or who' can field a bounding grounder and 
throw it accurately and swiftly to the proper base. 

The fielder must think quick and act quick. He 
must take the sun and the wind into considera- 
tion, as well as the nature of the ground upon 
which he is working. A slight inequality will 
often divert the course of a grounder that would 



68 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

otherwise come his way, and he must allow for 
that. 

He should know, the instant the ball is hit by 
the batter, just about where it will go, and he 
should not confine himself to too small a terri- 
tory. 

Fielding alone will not win a game, but if suc- 
cessfully done its influence will be shown on the 
score of the opposing team. 

Don't hold the ball, but throw it at once to the 
proper place, and be accurate about it, too, for 
a wild throw from the outfield is usually disas- 
trous, and gives the runner a chance to advance. 

It is a good rule for the center fielder, as well 
as the left fielder, to throw to second base, if there 
is a man on first, and to throw to third if there is 
a man on second. 

With the right fielder it is different, but it is 
too long a throw to third from where he would 
probably field the ball, and with a man on first 
his play would be to send the ball to second ; and 
with no men on bases, to throw it to first. 

Another point for fielders is that the fielders 
should not interfere with each other. Go for the 
ball if you have any kind of a chance to get it, 
and if you are reasonably sure you can handle it, 
announce the fact as you are running. If not, 
it is just as well to call to any of the other fielders 
who may be going for it, ''You take it !'' 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 69 

This not only prevents confusion, but prevents 
the possibility of the ball dropping uncaught be- 
tween two players, which has been known to oc- 
cur. 

A good fielder will know as soon as a ball is 
hit just about where it will go, especially if it is 
a long fly ; and if he is a good man, and he judges 
the fly will go over him, he will not keep backing 
and stumbling, but he will instantly gauge it, and, 
turning his back on it, will run to the place where 
he expects it will land. Here is where speed 
comes in, for the sooner he reaches the desired 
point the more time he will have to get directly 
under it in its drop. 

But such work as this can come only from 
long practice. It is worth the while in the end, 
and it will more than repay the ambitious ball 
player. Of course, it is easier to run in for a ball 
than out for it, but batters do not hit a ball to be 
caught, and the conscientious fielder will find that 
there is plenty of work cut out for him. 

In fielding a grounder, don't wait until it comes 
to you, but go after it, 'and get it, if possible, on 
a short bound. 

Always back up the play of another fielder. No 
man is infallible, and he is liable to miss a ball ; 
but with two men the chances of missing are mini- 
mized, and besides, it will serve to make the run- 
ners stick to their bases a little closer. 



70 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

Another thing: a man who is backed up will 
have more confidence in his work. 

Good support is invaluable in every part of the 
game of baseball. 

Help each other, and remember, again, that good 
team work will tell in the long run. 




CONCERNING BASE RUNNING 



Every man who has a pair of legs, and who 
knows how to use them, is not a good base run- 
ner. Base running has come to be an art, and 
it is only second in importance to batting. As- 
suming that a man can bat out a good safe ball, 
but allows himself to be caught at first, second, 
or third, he isn't as good on the team as the one 
who by dint of hard work manages to land a base 
hit and then, either by trickery or speed, or clever- 
ness, or all combined, manages to score. 

Excellence in base running has come to be rec- 
ognized, and the true lover of the game will al- 
ways be at work trying to deceive the fielders as 
well as the battery. But one thing is certain, and 
that is that it calls for a combination of all the 
qualities that go toward making a successful ball 
player. The man who is a sprinter, and who is 
daring, and has courage, a cool head, and clear 
judgment, will need it all when he is running 
bases. Of course, on a long safe hit, any heavy- 
footed pedestrian can amble from first to second, 



7^ SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

or from second to third, and eventually make his 
way home and score; but that isn't baseball, any 
more than owning a couple of bats makes a man 
a crack batter. 

To be able to get away quickly is of very great 
value, as seconds count in running bases. There 
are 90 feet from base to base, and there is plenty 
of time to put a man out. 

A runner is supposed to depend a lot on the 
advice of the coach, but he must also use his own 
brains. 

The man he has to deceive is the catcher, who 
is watching him all the time, and he has got to 
beat the ball nine times out of ten. Here is 
where the speed comes in. 

The best advice a coach can give is often wast- 
ed on a runner who is not quick enough to act 
on it. 

Get away — when you do get away — in a hurry, 
and keep going. 

A coach is supposed tO' be a good, alert man, 
but he is not perfect, any more than any other 
man is, and it often happens that a base runner 
will lose his chance while waiting for the cue to 
get off. 

He who hesitates is lost applies especially to a 
man running the bases ; and here is where good 
judgment comes in. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. IT, 

The runner should not announce his intentions 
by his actions, but he should always try to get 
the catcher ofif his guard. 

The man who invariably keeps well off from 
his base, and who is kept running and sliding 
back to it by the alertness of the pitcher, will 
eventually be worn out by his exertions, and when 
the time does come to run will have lost his abil- 
ity to sprint. 

Don't go through any unnecessary gymnastics, 
but make every move count. A runner who' is 
not well up in the game will often make three or 
four false starts in the hope of inducing the catch- 
er to throw to second, but a wary man behind 
the bat is never deceived by any such antics. 

The pitcher is bound to keep his eye on a run- 
ner who is on first base, even though his surveil- 
lance is not apparent, and he can hold a man 
fairly close to- the bag. But that will not prevent 
a good runner from stealing to second, which he 
ought to do as soon as the opportunity presents 
itself, and leave first open for the man at the 
bat. 

But the base runner must assume that the pitch- 
er and catcher are both working against him as 
well as the first and second basemen. It is a case 
of four to one, and to- win out he must not only 
use his feet, but his brains, wits, and good judg- 
ment as well. 



74 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

A man should train for base running just as he 
should train for anything else, and he should de- 
vote a great deal of his time to quick starts and 
lOO-yard sprints at top speed. Very often, while 
on first, there will be a two-bagger knocked out 
from the plate, and that means he will have to 
go over 1 80 feet at his best pace. Then, in the 
event of a wild throw, he has ninety feet more 
to cover to score. If he isn't in good condition, 
those ninety feet will seem very long, and in the 
end he may find the catcher waiting for him with 
the ball. 

Volume No. 2 of Fox's Athletic Library con- 
tains a series of illustrated breathing exercises, 
which every player will find of great benefit, and 
he can do no better than practice them to get 
and keep his wind in good condition. 

In training for baseball, the young athlete is 
advised not to do any very heavy work that will 
tend to make him muscle-bound, if he wants to 
develop speed. The man who can lift 300 pounds 
can't throw a ball with the same vim and snap 
as a man whose muscles have been cultivated for 
speed. It is the same with boxers. Compare the 
lightning-like Jim Corbett with muscle-bound 
Tom Sharkey, and the difference will readily be 
noted. 



SLIDING TO BASE. 

BY HARRY BAY, CLEVELAND, A. L. 

Comparatively few players are able to master 
base sliding, for obvious reasons. There are two 
ways of doing it — head first, and feet first. The 
latter is the more successful, as a rule. In the first 
place, the spiked shoes that he wears are liable 
to injure the legs of the man on the base, and 
the latter well knows it, and he will be a little 
more careful than if the runner came on head 
first. 

There is no question but that the sliding run- 
ner will often save his base, especially if he is 
able to throw his body one side, in order to es- 
cape the baseman. 

But a runner should not adopt and adhere to 
any particular style. He must vary it according 
to the exigencies of the case. He must study 
out the possibilities. When he starts he should 
have but one object in view, and that is to gain 
the base he is heading for. 

Don't watch the ball, and pay no attention to 
anything but the base. Don't turn your head to 
look either sideways or behind, as it is bound to 
result in loss of speed ; and he shouldn't slide un- 
less his pants are properly padded. 



76 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

One point suggests itself here in regard to base 
stealing, and it is this : There are times when 
it would be folly to try to steal a base, and those 
are the times when runs are needed to tie a score 
or win a game. There are times to take chances, 
and there are times to play cautious, as the play- 
er's own discernment and experience will suggest ; 
and team work is to be considered before every- 
thing else. 

Work for the good of the team at all times. 

The ideal base runner is the man who is al- 
ways on the alert to take instant advantage of the 
errors of his opponents. When the team is bat- 
ting good and strong, the runner will not have 
to take so many chances as when his side at the 
bat is hitting them weak ; and here again comes 
the question of good judgment. 

Never forget that a good start is everything. 

Stealing bases is bound to have its effect on 
the average pitcher, and make him more or less 
nervous, and it doesn't inspire the fielders with 
confidence, either. 

But it is a difficult — in fact, an impossible — 
matter to lay out plays in a book, and the man 
who really wants to learn to play the game right 
must use his head, and study out many of the 
problems. 



ON BUNTINa 

BY WILLIE KEELER, NEW YORK, A. L. 

Although this chapter should come under the 
head of batting, yet it is strong enough and im- 
portant enough to have a place of its own. It 
has to-day become a distinct feature, and the man 
who knows the science of bunting is a valuable 
acquisition on any team, no matter what his other 
qualifications may be. 

The man who bunts the ball can usually place 
it in any territory he desires, for the simple rea- 
son that he is better able to gauge an easy hit 
than if he were going to slug. 

And it is important that the hunter should know 
just when to bunt and where to put the ball, in 
order that it may do the most good. 




muA^ 




HARRY C. PULLIAM, 
PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 



SCHEDULES 

OF THE 

NATIONAL and AMERICAN 
LEAGUES 

FOR 

1905 

AND THE 

OFFICIAL RULES 

FOR 

Professional Base Ball 



Adopted by the Joint Playing Rules Committee 

of the National and the American Leagues 

at New Tork^ March 2^ 1905. 



SCHEDULE FOR NATIONAL AMD AMERICAN LEAGUES 

FOR 1905 


NATIONAL LEAGUE 

Boston, at home, vs. 


AMERICAN LEAGUE 

Philadelphia, at home, vs. 


Brooklyn, 
April 18-19 

19-20 
Sept. 1-2-4-4 
Sept. 18-19 
20 


New York. 
May 1-2-3-4 
June 1-2-3-3 

5 
Sept. 16-16 


Chicago 
June 6-7-8-9 
July 29-31 
Aug 1-2 
Sept 28-29-30 


St. Louis 
June 15-16-17 

19 
Aug 12-14 
15-16 
Oct 2-3-4 


Philadelphia. 
May 29-30-30 

31 
July 6-7-8-10 
Sept 13-14-15 


Pittsburg 
May 23-24-25 
July 24-25-26 

27 
Aug. 24-24-25 

26 


Detroit 
June 10-12 

13-14 
Aug 3-4-5-7 
Sept 25-26-27 


Cleveland 
June 20-21 

22-23 
Aug 8-9-10-11 
Sept 21-22-23 


Cincinnati 
May 13-15-16 

17 
July 11-12-13 

14 
Aug 17-18-19 


Chicago 
May 10-10-11 

12 
July 20-20-21 

22 
Aug 28-29-30 


Washington 
May 1-2-3-4 
June 1-2-3-5 
Sept 2-4-4 


New York 
April 18-19-20 
May 29-30-30 

31 
Sept 9-11-11 

12 


St. Louis. 

May 18-19-20-22 July 15-17 

18-19 Aug 21-22-23 


Boston 
April 14-15-17 July 6-7-8-8 
Sept 13-14-15-16 


Philadelphia, at home, vs. 


Washington, at home, vs. 


Boston 
April 26-27-28 

29 
May 26-27 
June 28-29-30 
July 1, Sept 9 


Brooklyn 
May 5-6-8 
June 24-24-26 

27 
Sept 5-6-7-8 


Chicago 
June 10-12 

13-14 
Aug 3-4-5-7 
Oct 2-3-4 


St. Louis 
June 20-21-22 

23 
Aug 8-9-10-11 
Sept 28-29 

30 


New York 
April 21-22 

24-25 
July 3-4-4-5 
Sept 18-19-20 


Pittsburg 
May 9-10-11 

12 
July 20-20 

21-22 
Aug 28-29-30 


Detroit 
June 6-7-8-9 
July 29-31 
Aug 1-2 
Sept 21-22-23 


Cleveland 
June 15-16 

17-19 
Aug 12-14 
15-16 
Sept 25-26-27 


Cincinnati 
May 18-19-20 

22 
July 15-17 

18-19 
Aug 21-22-23 


Chicago 
May 23-24-25 
July 24-25 

26-27 
Aug 24-24-25 
26 


Philadelphia 
May 5-6-8-9 
June 24-26 

27-28 
Oct 5-6-7 


New York 
April 14-15 

17 
July 6-7-8-8 
Sept 5-6-7-8 


St. Louis 

May 13-15-16-17 Julyll-12 
13-14 Aug 17-18-19 


Boston 

April 18-19-20 May 30-30-31 
31 Sept 18-18-19-20 



SCHEDULE FOR MTIOML AMD AMERICAS LEAGUES 

FOR 1905 


NATIONAL LEAGUE 
New York, at home, vs. 


AMERICAN LEAGUE 

New York, at home, vs. 


Boston 
April 14-15 

17 
May 5-6-8 
June 24-26-27 

Sept 7-8 


Brooklyn 
May 26-27-29 

30-30 
July 6-7-8 
Sept 9-11-12 


Chicago 
June 15-16 

17-19 
Aug 8-9-10-11 
Sept 21-22-23 


St. Louis 
June 10-12 

13-14 
Aug 3-4-5-7 

Sept 25-26 

27 


i^hiladelphia 
April 18-19 

20 
Aug 31, Sept 

1-2-4-4 
Oct 5-6-7 


Pittsburg 
May 18-19-20 

22 
July 15-17-18 

19 
Aug 21-22-23 


Detroit 
lune 20-21-22 

23 
Aug 12-14 

15-16 
Oct 2-3-4 


Cleveland 
June 6-7-8-9 
July 29-31 
Aug 1-2 
Sept 28-29-30 


Cincinnati 
May 23-24-25 
July 24-25-26 

27 
Aug 24-24-25 
26 


Chicago 
May 13-15-16 

17 
July 11-12-13 

14 
Aug 17-18-19 


Washington 
April 21-22 

24-25 
July 4-4-5 
Sept 13-14 
15-16 


Philadelphia 
April 26-27 

28-29 
June 29-30 
July 1-3 
Sept 18-19-20 


St. Louis 
May 9-10-11-12 July 20-20 
21-22 Aug 28-29-30 


1 
Boston 
May 1-2-3-4 June 1-2-3-5 
Sept 2-4-4 


Brooklyn, at home, vs. 


Boston, at home, vs. 


Boston 
April 21-22-24 

25 
July 3-4-4-5 
Oct 5-6-7 


New York 
Apr26 27 28 29 
May 31, June 

28-29-30 
July 1-10 

Sept 13 


Chicago 
June 20-21 
22-23 
Aug 12-14-15 

16 
Sept 25-26-27 


St. Louis 
June 6-7-8-9 
July 29-31 
Aug 1-2 
Sept 21-22-23 


Philadelphia 
April 14-15-17 
May 1-2-3-4 
June 1-2-3 
Sept 16 


Pittsburg 
May 13-15-16 

17 
July 11-12 

13-14 
Aug 17-18-19 


Detroit 
June 15-16 

17-17 
Aug 8-9-10-11 
Sept 28-29 
30 


Cleveland 
June 10-12-13 

14 
Aug 3-4-5-7 
Oct 2-3-4 


Cincinnati 
May 9-10-11 

12 
July 20-20-21 

22 
Aug 28-29-30 


Chicago 
May 18-19-20 

22 
July 15-17-18 

19 
Aug 21-22-23 


Washington 
April 26-27 

28-29 
June 29-30 
July 1-3 
Sept 9-11-12 


Philadelphia 
April 21-22 

24-25 
July 4-4-5 

Sept 5-6-7-8 


St. Louis 
May 23-24-25 Aug 24-24-25 
July 24-25-26 26 
27 


New Y^ork 
May 5-6-8-9 June 24-26-27 
28 Oct 5-6-7 



SCHEDULE FOR NATIOMl AID AMERICAS LEAGUES 

FOR 1905 



NATIONAL LEAGUE 

Cincinnati, at home, vs. 



Boston 
June 15-16-17 

18 
Aug 11-12-13 

14 
Sept 25-26-27 



Brooklyn 
June 7-8-9-10 
Aug 2-3-5-6 
Sept 22-23 
24 



New York 
June 19-20-21 

22 
July 29-30-31 
Aug 1 
Oct 1-2-3 



Philadelphia 
June 11-12-13 

14 
Aug 7-8-9-10 
Sept 28-29 

30 



Pittsburg 
April 14-15 

16-17 
May 7-28 
July 2 Sept 14 
16-17 Oct 8 



Chicago 
April 30 May 

1-2-3 
May 29-30-30 

31 
Sept 10-11-12 



AMERICAN LEAGUE 
Chicago, at home, vs. 



St. Louis 
April 14-15 

16-17 
June 27-28-29 
Sept 12-13-15 
16 



Detroit 
April 23-28 

29-30 
May 29-30-30 

31 
July 2-9 Sep 10 



Cleveland 
May 2-3-7 
Tune 1-3-4 
Tune 25 
Sept 3-8-9-17 



Washington 
May 20-21-23 

24 
July 14-15 

16-18 
Aug 28-29-30 



PhiladelDliia 
May 16-17-18 

19 
July 23-24-25 

26 
Aug 22-23-24 



New York 
May 12-13-14 

15 
July 19-20-21 

92 

Aug 18^19-20 



St. Louis 
April 23-24-25 June 1-2 July 
6-7-8-9 Oct 6-7 



Boston 

May 25-26-27-28 July 10-11 

12-13 Aug 25-26-27 



St. Louis, at home, vs. 



St. Louis, at home, vs. 



Boston 
June 19-20 

21-22 
July 29-30-31 
Augl 
Sept 22-23-24 



Brooklyn 
June 11-12 
13-14 
Aug 7-8-9-10 
Oct 1-2-3 



Chicago 
April 24-25 

26-27 
June 30 
July 1 Sept 1 
19 Oct 6-7-8 



Detroit 
May 5-6-7 
June 1-2-3-4 
June 25 
Sept 2-3-17 



New York 
June 15-16 
17-18 
Aug 11-12 

13-14 
Sept 28-29-30 



Philadelphia 
June 7-8-9-10 
Aug 2-3-5-6 
Sept 25-26-27 



Cleveland 
April 19-21 

22-23 
April 30 
July 2-3-7-8-9 
Sept 10 



} Washington 
May 25-26-27 
28 
I July 10-11-12 

13 
I Aug 25-26-27 



Pittsburg 
April 30 
:Mav 1-2-3 
June 25-26 

27-28 
Sept 10-11-12 



Cincinnati 
April 26-27 

28-29 
June 3-4 
Sent 3-4-4 
Oct 4-5 



Philadelnhia 
May ^-^ ■•3-14 

15 
July 19-20-21 

22 
Aug 1 8-~1 9-20 



New Y^ork 
May 16-17-18 

19 
July 23-24 

25-26 
Aug 22-23-24 



Chicago 
April 14-15-15-17 June 23 
24 July 2 Sept 8-9-14-16 



Bo«;ton 
May 20-21-23-24 July 14-15 
16-18 Aug 29-30-31 



SCHEDULE FOR NATIONAL AND AMERICAN LEAfilES 

FOR 1905 



NATIONAL LEAGUE 
Pittsburg, at home, vs. 



Boston 
June 12-13-14 
Aug 7-7-8-9 

10 
Oct 2-3-4 



Brooklyn 
June 19-20-21 

22 
July 29-31 
Aug 1-16 
Sept 28-29-30 



New York 
June 7-8-9-10 
Aug 2-3-4-5 
Sept 25-26-27 



Philadelphia 
June 6-15-16 

17 
Aug 11-12-14 

15 
Sept 21-22-23 



Cincinnati 
May 5-6-7-8 

27 
June 24 July 

3-4-4 
Sept 7-8-9 



Chicago 
April 26-27 

28-29 
June 1-2-3 
Sept 4-4 
Oct 6-7 



St. Louis 
Apr 19-20-21-22 May 29-31-31 
June 30 July 1 Aug. 31 Sep 2 



Chicago, at home, vs. 



Boston 
June 7-8-9-10 
Aug2-3-4-5-6 
Sept 28-30 



Brooklyn 
June 15-16 

17-18 
Aug 11-12-13 

14 
Sept 25-26-27 



New York 
June 11-12 
13-14 
Aug 7-8-9-10 
Sept 22-23-24 



Philadelphia 
June 19-20 

21-'>9 

July 29-30>,l 
Aug 1 
Oct 1-2-3 



Pittsburg 
April 23-24 

25 
June 4-5 
July 5-6-7-8 
.Tuly 9 Sept 3 



AMERICAN LEAGUE 

Cleveland, at home, vs. 



Chicago 
May 5-6-8-9 
July 4-4-5-6 
Sept 1-2 
Sept 20 



St. Louis 
April 28-29 
May 29-30-30 

31 
June 24 
Sept 4-4-5-6 



Detroit 
April 14-15 

17-18 
June 30July 1 
Sept 18-19 
Oct 5-6-7 



Washington 
May 11-12-13 

15 
July 24-25-26 

27 
Aug 18-19-21 



Philadelphia 
May 20-22 

23-24 
July 10-11-12 

13 
Aug 29-30-31 



New Y'ork 
May 25-26-27 
July 14-15-17 

18 
Aug 17-25-26 

28 



Boston 
May 16-17-18-19 July 19-20 
21-22 Aug 22-23-24 



Cincinnati 
April 19-20 

21-22 
June 25-26 
July 1 
Sept 1-2-19-20 



St. Louis 
May 4-5-6-7-27-28 July 4-4 
Sept 17-18 Oct 8 



Detroit, at home, vs. 



Chicago 
April 19-20 

21-22 
June 24 
July 7-8 
Sept 4-4-5-6 



St. Louis 
May 1-2-3-4 
July 4-4-5-6 
Sept 7-8-9 



Cleveland 
April 24-25 

26-27 
June 26-27-28 
Sept 12-13-14 
16 



Washington 
May 16-17-18 

19 
July 19-20-21 

22 
Aug 22-23-24 



Philadelphia 
May 25-26-27 
.Tuly 14-15-17 

18 
Aug 17-25-26 

28 



New York 
May 20-22-23 

24 
July 10-11-12 

13 
Aug 29-30-31 



Boston 
May 11-12-13-15 July 24-25 
26-27 Aug 18-19-21 



OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A 
BASEBALL FIELD. 




M 



For further information see Rules from 
No. 2 to No. J 2. 



RUL-ES. 



Rule 1. The Ball Ground. 

The ball ground must be enclosed and sufficient in size 
to permit the players of the team not at bat to be sta- 
tioned at the positions respectively assigned to them by 
their captain. To obviate the necessity for ground rules, 
the shortest distance from a fence or stand on fair ter- 
ritory to the home base should be 235 feet and from 
home base to the grandstand, 90 feet. 
Rule 3, To ray Off the Field. 

To lay off the lines defining the location of the several 
bases, the catcher's and the pitcher's position and estab- 
lishing the boundaries required in playing the game of 
base ball, proceed as follows : 

Diamond or Infield. 

From a point. A, within the grounds, project a 
straight line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet 
from point A, lay off lines B C and B D at right angles 
to the line A B ; then, with B as a center and 63.63945 
feet as a radius, describe arcs cutting the lines B A at F 
and B C at G, B D at H and B E at I. Draw lines 
F G, G E, E H, and H F, which said lines shall be the 
containing lines of the Diamond or Infield. 
Rule 3. The Catcher*s liines. 

With F as a center and 10 feet radius, describe an arc 
cutting line F A at L, and draw lines L M and L O at 
right angles to F A, and continue same out from F A 
not less than 10 feet. 

Rule 4. The Foul Lines. 

From the intersection point, F, continue the straight 
lines F G and F H until they intersect the lines L M 
and L O, and then from the points G and H in the oppo- 
site direction until they reach the boundary lines of the 
ground. 



86 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

Kale 5. The Flayers* Lines. 

With F as center and 50 foot radius, describe arcs 
cutting lines F O and F M at P and Q ; then, with F 
as center again and 75 feet radius, describe arcs cutting 
F G and F H at R and S ; then, from the points P, Q, 
R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines F O, 
F M, F G and F H, and continue the same until they 
intersect at the points T and W. 

Bule 6. The Coacher's liines. 

With R and S as centers and 15 feet radius, describe 
arcs cutting the lines R W and S T at X and Y, and 
from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with the 
lines F H and F G, and continue same out to the boun- 
dary lines of the ground. 

Rule 7. The Three-foot I^ine. 

With F as a center and 45 feet radius, describe an arc 
cutting the line F G at i, and from i to the distance of 
three feet draw a line at right angles to F G, and 
marked point 2 ; then from point 2, draw a line parallel 
with the line F G to a point three feet beyond the point 
G, marked 3 ; then from the point 3 draw a line at right 
angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with F G, 
and from thence back along the line G F to point i. 

Rule 8. The Batsman's Liines. 

On either side of the line A F B describe two paral- 
lelograms six feet long and four feet wide (marked 8 
and 9), their longest side being parallel with the line 
A F B, their distance apart being six inches added to 
each end of the length of the diagonal of the square 
within the angle F, and the center of their length being 
on said diagonal. 

Rule 9. The Pitcher's Plate. 

Section i. With point F as center and 60.5 feet as 
radius, describe an arc cutting the line F B at line 4, 
and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and ex- 
tending 12 inches on either side of line F B ; then with 
line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches 
by 6 inches, in which shall be located the pitcher's plate. 

Sec. 2. The pitcher's plate shall not be more than 15 
inches higher than the base lines or the home plate. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. Sy 

which shall be level with the surface of the field, and 
the slope from the pitcher's plate to every base line and 
the home plate shall be gradual. 
Rule 10. The Bases. 

Section i. Within the angle F, describe a five-sided 
figure, two of the sides of which shall coincide with the 
lines F G and F H to the extent of 12 inches each, 
thence parallel with the line F B 8>4 inches to the points 
X and Y, a straight line between which, 17 inches, will 
form the front of the home base or plate. 

Sec. 2. Within the angles at G, I and H describe 
squares, whose sides are 15 inches in length, two of 
such sides of which squares shall lie along the lines F 
G and G I, G I and I H, I H and H F, which squares 
shall be the location of the first, second and third bases 
respectively. 

Rule 11. 

The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4 
must each be of whitened rubber, and so fixed in the 
ground as to be even with its surface. 

Rule la. 

The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the 
Third Base at H must each be a white canvas bag 
filled with soft material and securely fastened in place 
at the point specified for it in Rule 9. 

Rule 13. 

The lines described in Rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 must 
be marked with lime, chalk or other white material, 
easily distinguishable from the ground or grass. 
Rule 14 The Ball. 

Section i. The ball must weigh not less than five nor 
more than five and one-quarter ounces avoirdupois, and 
measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one- 
quarter inches in circumference. The Victor Official 
League Ball, the Spalding National League Ball, or 
the Reach American League Ball must be used in all 
games played under these rules. 

Sec. 2. Two regulation balls of the make adopted by 
the league of which the contesting clubs are members, 
shall be delivered by the home club to the umpire at or 
before the hour for the commencement of a champion- 



88 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

ship game. If the ball first placed in play be batted or 
thrown out of the grounds or into one of the stands for 
spectators or in the judgment of the umpire, become 
unfit for play from any cause, the umpire shall at once 
deliver the alternate ball to the pitcher and another legal 
ball shall be supplied to him, so that he shall at all 
times have in his control one or more alternate balls to 
substitute for the ball in play in any of the contingencies 
above set forth. Provided, however, that all balls batted 
or thrown out of the ground or into a stand, shall when 
returned to the field be given into the custody of the 
umpire immediately and become alternate balls and so 
long as he has in his possession two or more alternate 
balls, he shall not call for a new ball to replace a ball 
that has gone out of play. The alternate balls shall be- 
come the ball in play in the order in which they were 
delivered to the umpire. 

Sec. 3- Immediately upon the delivery to him of the 
alternate ball by the umpire, the pitcher shall take his 
position and on the call of "Play," by the umpire, it 
shall become the ball in play. Provided, however, that 
play shall not be resumed with the alternate ball when 
a fair batted ball or a ball thrown by a fielder goes out 
of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the 
base-runners have completed the circuit of the bases 
unless compelled to stop at second or third base, in 
compliance with a ground rule. 

Discolored or Damaged Balls. 

Sec. 4. The ball in play shall not be intentionally dis- 
colored by rubbing it with the soil or otherwise dam- 
aged. In the event of a new ball being intentionally dis- 
colored, or damaged by a player, the umpire shall upon 
appeal by the captain of the opposite side, forthwith de- 
mand the return of that ball and substitute for it an- 
other legal ball, as hereinbefore described, and impose 
a fine of $5.00 on the offending player. 

Home Club to provide Balls. 

Sec. 5. In every game the balls played with shall be 
furnished by the home club, and the last in play shall 
become the property of the winning club. Each ball 
shall be enclosed in a paper box, sealed with the seal of 
the Secretary of the League and bearing his certificate 
that he has examined, measured and weighed it and that 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. S9 

it is of the required standard in all respects. The seal 
shall not be broken by the umpire except in the presence 
of the captains of the contesting teams after 'Tlay'' 
has been called. 

Reserve Balls on Field. 

Sec. 6. The home club shall have at least a dozen 
regulation balls on the field during each championship 
game, ready for use on the call of the umpire. 
Unfit Ball for Play. 

Sec. 7. Should the ball become ripped or in any way 
damaged so as to be, in the opinion of the umpire, unfit 
for use, he shall, upon appeal by either captain, at once 
call for a new ball and put the alternate ball into play. 
Rule 15. The Bat. 

The bat must be round, not over two and three- fourths 
inches in diameter at the thickest part, nor more than 42 
inches in length and entirely of hardwood, except that 
for a distance of 18 inches from the end, twine may be 
wound around or a granulated substance applied to the 
handle. 
Rule 16. Number of Players in a Game. 

The players of each club actively engaged in a game 
at one time shall be nine in number, one of whom shall 
act as captain ; and in no case shall more or less than 
nine men be allowed to play on a side in a game. 

Rule 17. Positions of the Players. 

The players may be stationed at any point of the field 
their captain may elect, regardless of their respective 
positions, except that the pitcher, while in the act of 
delivering the ball to the bat, must take his position as 
defined in Rules 9 and 30 ; and the catcher must be with- 
in the lines of his position as defined in Rule 3 and 
within 10 feet of home base, whenever the pitcher de- 
livers the ball to the bat. 

Rule 18. Must Not Mingfle With Spectators. 

Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy 
seats in the stands, or to mingle with the spectators. 

Rule 19. Uniforms of Players, 

Every club shall adopt two uniforms for its players, 
one to be worn in games at home and the other in games 
abroad, and the suits of each of the uniforms of a team 



9^ SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

shall conform in color and style. No player who shall at- 
tach anythmg to the sole or heel of his shoe other than 
the ordinary base ball shoe plate, or who shall appear in 
a uniform not conforming to the suits of the other mem- 
bers of his team, shall be permitted to take part in a 
game. 

Rule 30. Size and Weight of Glove s. 

The catcher or first baseman may \vear a glove or mitt 
of any size, shape or weight. Every other player is re- 
stricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over 
10 ounces and measuring not over 14 inches around 
the palm. 

Rule 21, Players' Benclies. 

Section i. Players' benches must be furnished by 
the home club and placed upon a portion of the ground 
not less than twenty-five (25) feet outside of the play- 
ers' lines. One such bench shall be for the exclusive 
use of the visiting team and the other for the exclusive 
use of the home team. Each bench must be covered 
with a roof and closed at the back and each end; a 
space, however, not more than six (6) inches wide 
may be left under the roof for ventilation. All players 
and substitutes of the side at bat must be seated on their 
team's bench, except the batsman, base-runners and 
such as are legally assigned to coach base-runners. 
Under no circumstances shall the umpire permit any 
person except the players and substitutes in uniform and 
the manager of the team entitled to its exclusive use to 
be seated on a bench. 

Penalty for Violation, 

Sec. 2. To enforce this rule the captain of the other 
side may call the attention of the umpire to its violation 
by his opponents, whereupon the- umpire shall immedi- 
ately order such player or players as have disregarded it 
to be seated. If the order be not obeyed within one 
minute the offending player or players shall be fined 
$.S.oo each by the umpire. If the order be not then 
obeyed within one minute, the offending player or play- 
ers 'shall be debarred from further participation in the 
fyame, and shall be obliged to forthwith leave the playing 
field. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 9' 

Bule 22, A Kegulation Game. 

Every championship game must be commenced not 
later than two hours before sunset and shall continue 
until each team has had nine innings, provided, however, 
that the game shall terminate : 

(i) If the side at bat scores less runs in nine innings 
than the other side has scored in eight innings. 

(2) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scored 
the winning run before the third man is out. 

Kule 33. £xtra-Inning: Games. 

If the score be a tie at the end of the nine (9) innings 
for each team, play shall be continued until one side has 
scored more runs than the other in an equal number of 
innings, provided, that if the side last at bat score the 
winning run before the third man is out in any inning 
after the ninth, the game shall terminate. 

Rule 34. Drawn Gaines. 

A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire if the 
score is equal on the last even inning played, when he 
terminates play on account of darkness, rain, fire, panic, 
or for other cause which puts patrons or players in 
peril, after five or more equal innings have been played 
by each team. But if the side that went second to bat 
is at the bat when the game is terminated, and has 
scored the same number of runs as the other side, the 
umpire shall declare the game drawn without regard 
to the score of the last equal inning. 

Rule 35. Called Games. 

If the umpire call "Game" on account of darkness, 
rain, fire, panic, or other cause which puts patrons or 
players in peril, at any time after five innings have been 
completed, the score shall be that of the last equal in- 
nings played, but if the side second at bat shall have 
scored in an unequal number of innings, or before the 
completion of the unfinished inning, one or more runs 
than the side first at bat, the score of the game shall be 
the total number of runs each team has made. 

Rule 36. Forfeited Games. 

A forfeited game shall be declared by the umpire in 
favor of the club not in fault, at the request of such 
club, in the following cases : 



9^ SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

Section i. If the team of a club fail to appear upon 
the field, or being upon the field, refuse to begin a game 
for which it is scheduled or assigned, within five min- 
utes after the umpire has called 'Tlay" at the hour for 
the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appear- 
ing, or in commencing the game, be unavoidable. 

Sec. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuse 
to continue to play, unless the game has been suspended 
or terminated by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the 
umpire, one side fail to resume playing in one minute 
after the umpire has called "Play." 

Sec. 4. If a team employ tactics palpably designed to 
delay the game. 

Sec. 5. If, after warning by the umpire, any one of 
the rules of the game be wilfully and persistently vio- 
lated. 

Sec. 6. If the order for the removal of a player, as 
authorized by Rules 21, 58, and 64, be not obeyed within 
one minute. 

Sec. 7. If, because of the removal of players from the 
game by the umpire, or for any cause, there be less than 
nine players on either team. 

Sec. 8. If, when two games are scheduled to be played 
in one afternoon, the second game be not commenced 
within ten minutes of the time of the completion of the 
first game. The umpire of the first game shall be the 
timekeeper. 

Sec. 9. In case the umpire declare the game forfeited, 
he shall transmit a written report thereof to the presi- 
dent of the League within twenty-four hours thereafter. 
However, a failure on the part of the umpire to so notify 
the president shall not affect the validity of his award 
of the game by forfeiture. 
Rule 37. No Game. 

"No game" shall be declared by the umpire if he ter- 
minates play on account of rain or darkness, fire, panic, 
or any other cause which puts the patrons or players in 
peril before five innings are completed by each team. 
Provided, however, that if the club second at bat shall 
have made more runs at the end of its fourth inning 
than the club first at bat has made in five completed in- 
nings of a game so terminated, the umpire shall award 
the game to the club having made the greater number 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 93 

of runs, and it shall count as a legal game in the cham- 
pionship record. 
Rule /S8. Substitutes. 

Section i. Each side shall be required to have pres- 
ent on the field during a championship game a suffi- 
cient number of substitute players in uniform, conform- 
ing to the suits worn by their team-mates, to carry out 
the provisions of this code which requires that not less 
than nine players shall occupy the field in any inning 
of the game. 

Sec. 2. Any such substitute may at any stage of the 
game take the place of a player, whose name is in his 
team's batting order, but the player whom he succeeds 
shall not thereafter participate in that game. 

Sec. 3. A base-runner shall not have another player 
whose name appears in the batting order of his team run 
for him except by the consent of the captain of the other 
team. 
Rule JJ9. Choice of Innings -Fitness of Field for Play. 

The choice of innings shall be given to the captain 
of the home club, who shall be the sole judge of the 
fitness of the ground for beginning a game after a rain; 
but, after play has been called by the umpire, he alone 
shall be the judge as to the fitness of the ground for 
resuming play after the game has been suspended on 
account of rain. 



THE PITCHING RULES. 



Rule 30. Delivery of the Ball to the Bat. 

Preliminary to pitching, the pitcher shall take his 
position facing the batsman with both feet squarely on 
the ground and in front of the pitcher's plate; and in 
the act of delivering the ball to the bat he must keep 
one foot in contact with the pitcher's plate defined in 
Rule 9. He shall not raise either foot until in the act 
of delivering the ball to the bat, nor make more than 
one step in such delivery. 

Rule 31. A Fairly Delivered Ball. 

A fairly delivered ball is a ball pitched or thrown to 
the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
facing the batsman ; that passes over any portion of the 



94 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

home base, not lower than the batsman's knee, nor 
higher than his shoulder. For every such fairly deliv- 
ered ball, the umpire shall call one strike. 

Kule 3/5. An Unfairly Delivered Ball. 

An unfairly delivered ball is a ball delivered to the 
bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
facing the batsman, that does not pass over any portion 
of the home base between the batsman's shoulder and 
knee. For every unfairly delivered ball, the umpire shall 
call one ball. 

Rule 33. Delaying the Game. 

Section i. If, after the batsman be standing in his 
proper position ready to strike at a pitched ball, the ball 
be thrown by the pitcher to any player other than the 
catcher when in the catcher's lines and within lo feet of 
the home base (except in an attempt to retire a base 
runner), each ball so thrown shall be called a ball. 

Sec. 2. The umpire shall call a ball on the pitcher 
each time he delays the game by failing to deliver the 
ball to the batsman for a longer period than 20 seconds, 
excepting that at the commencement of each inning, 
or when a pitcher relieves another, the pitcher may oc- 
cupy one minute in delivering not to exceed five balls to 
the catcher or an infielder, during which time play shall 
be suspended. 

Rule 34. Balking. 

A balk shall be ! 

Section i. Any motion made by the pitcher while 
in position to deliver the ball to the bat without deliver- 
ing it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base 
runner, without completing the throw. 

Sec. 2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base 
to catch the base runner without stepping directly to- 
ward such base, in the act of making such throw. 

Sec. 3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
pitcher while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. 

Sec. 4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
pitcher, while he is not facine the batsman. 

Sec. 5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat 
by the pitcher while not in the position defined by 
Rule 30. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 95 

Sec. 6.. Holding of the ball by the pitcher, so long 
as, in the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay 
the game. 

Sec. 7. Making any motion to pitch while standing 
in his position without having the ball in his possession. 

Sec. 8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip 
or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method of de- 
livery, without immediately delivering the ball to the bat. 

Sec. 9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the 
catcher is standing outside the lines of the catcher's 
position as defined in Rule 3. 

If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require- 
ments of any section of this rule, the umpire shall call 
a "balk." 
Rule S.-j, Dead Ball. 

A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the 
pitcher, not struck at by the batsman, that touches any 
part of the batsman's person or clothing while standing 
in his position, or that before passing or getting beyond 
the control of the catcher touches any part of the cloth- 
ing or person of the umpire while he is on foul ground. 

Rule 3(5. Ball net in Play. 

In case of a foul strike, foul hit ball not legally caught, 
dead ball, or a fair hit ball, touching a base runner, the 
ball shall not be considered in play until it be held by 
the pitcher standing in his position, and the umpire 
shall have called ^Tlay." 

Rule 37. Block Balls. 

Section I. A block is a batted or thrown ball that is 
touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in 
the game. 

Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall de- 
clare it, and base runners may run the bases without 
liability to be put out until the ball has been returned to 
and held by the pitcher in his position. 

Sec. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should 
retain possession of a blocked ball, or throw or kick it 
beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire shall call 
"Time" and require each base runner to stop at the base 
last touched by him until the ball be returned to the 
pitcher in his position and the umpire shall have called 
"Play." 



96 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

THE BATTING RULES. 



Rule 38. The Batsman's Position. 

Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats- 
man and must take his position within the batsman's 
lines (as defined in Rule i8) in the order that his name 
appears in his team's batting list. 

Rule 39. The Order of Batting. 

The batting order of each team must be delivered 
before the game by its captain to the umpire, who shall 
submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other 
side. The batting order delivered to the umpire must 
be followed throughout the game, unless a player be 
substituted for another, in which case the substitute 
must take the place in the batting order of the retired 
player. 
Rule 40. The First Batsman in an Inningr. 

After the first inning the first striker in each inning 
shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last 
man who completed his "time at bat" in the preceding 
inning. 
Rule 41. Players belong on Bench. 

When a side goes to the bat its players must immedi- 
ately seat themselves on the bench assigned to them as 
defined in Rule 21, and remain there until their side is 
put out, except when called to the bat or to act as coach- 

ers or substitute base runners. 

Rule 4/3. Reserved for Umpire, Catcher and Batsman. 

No player of the side ''at bat," except the batsman, 
shall occupy any portion of the space within the catch- 
er's lines as defined in Rule 3. The triangular space 
back of the home base is reserved for the exclusive use 
of the umpire, catcher and batsman, and the umpire must 
prohibit any player of the side "at bat" from crossing 
the same at any time while the ball is in the hands of 
the pitcher or catcher or passing between them while 
standing in their positions. 

Rule 43. Fielder has Right of Way. 

The players of the side at bat must speedily abandon 
their bench and hasten to another part of the field when 
by remaining upon or near it they or any of them would 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. ^7 



interfere with a fielder in an attempt to catch or handle 
a thrown ball. 



Bule 44. A Fair Hit. 

A fair hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair 
ground between home and first base or between home 
and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding 
to the outfield past first or third base, or that first falls 
on fair territory beyond first or third base or that 
touches the person of the umpire or a player while on 
fair ground. 
Rule 45. A Foul Hit. 

A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul 
territory between home and first base or home and 
third base, or that bounds past first or third base on foul 
territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first or 
third base or touches the person of the umpire or a 
player while on foul ground. 
Bule 46. A Foul Tip. 

A foul tip is a ball batted by the batsman while stand- 
ing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp and 
direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is legally 
caught. 
Bule 47. A Bunt Hit. 

A bunt hit is a legally batted ball, not swung at, but 
met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield by 
the batsman with the expectation of reaching first base 
before the ball can be fielded to that base. If the at- 
tempt to bunt result in a foul, a strike shall be called 
by the umpire. 
Rule 48. Balls Batted Outside the Ground. 

Section i. When a batted ball passes outside the 
ground or into a stand the umpire shall decide it fair 
or foul according to whether the point at which it leaves 
the playing field is on fair or foul territory. 

Sec. 2. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence or 
into a stand shall entitle the batsman to a home run 
unless it should pass out of the ground or into a stand 
at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five (235 ) 
feet from the home base, in which case the batsman 



9^ SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

shall be entitled to two bases only. The point at which 
a fence or stand is less than 235 feet from the home 
base shall be plainly indicated by a white or black sign 
or mark for the umpire's guidance. 
Bule 49. Strikes. 

A strike is : 

Section i. A pitched ball struck at by the batsman 
without its touching his bat; or, 

Sec. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher 
at which the batsman does not strike. 

Sec. 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless 
the batsman has two strikes. 

Sec. 4. An attempt to bunt which results in a foul. 

Sec. 5. A pitched ball, at which the batsman strikes 
but misses and which touches any part of his person. 

Sec. 6. A foul tip, held by the catcher, while stand- 
ing within the lines of his position. 
Bule 50. Foul Strike. 

A "Foul Strike" is a ball batted by the batsman when 
either or both of his feet is upon the ground outside the 
lines of the batsman's position. 
Bule 51. When Batsman is Out. 

The batsman is out: 

Section i. If he fail to take his position at the bat 
in the order in which his name is on the batting list 
unless the error be discovered and the proper batsman 
replace him before a time ''at bat" is recorded, in which 
case, the balls and strikes called must be counted in the 
time "at bat" of the proper batsman. But only the 
proper batsman shall be declared out, and no runs shall 
be scored or bases run because of any act of the im- 
proper batsman. Provided, this rule shall not be en- 
forced unless the out be declared before the ball be de- 
livered to the succeeding batsman. Should the batsman 
declared out under this section be the third hand out 
and his side be thereby put out, the proper batsman in 
the next inning shall be the player who would have come 
to bat had the players been put out by ordinary play 
in the preceding inning. 

Sec. 2. If he fail to take his position within one min- 
ute after the umpire has called for the batsman. 

Sec. 3. If he make a foul hit other than a foul tip, 
as defined in Rule 46, and the ball be momentarily held 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 99 

by a fielder before touching the ground; provided, it 
be not caught in a helders cap, protector, pocket or 
other part of his uniform, or strike some object other 
than a fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If he make a foul strike, as defined in Rule 50. 

Sec. 5. If he attempt to hinder the catcher from field- 
ing or throwing the ball by stepping outside the lines of 
the batsman's position, or in any way obstructing or in- 
terfering with that player. 

Sec. 6. If, while first base be occupied by a base run- 
ner, three strikes be called on him by the umpire, unless 
two men are already out. 

Sec. 7. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball 
touch any part of the batsman's person, in w^hich case 
base runners occupying bases shall not advance as pre- 
scribed in Rule 55, Section 5. 

Sec. 8. If, before two hands are out, while first and 
second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, he 
hit a fly ball, other than a line drive, that can be handled 
by an infielder. In such case the umpire shall, as soon 
as the ball be hit, declare it an infield or outfield hit. 

Sec. 9. If the third strike be called in accordance 
with Rule 49, Section 5. 

Batsman Mnst Obey Call. 

Sec. 10. The moment a batsman's term at bat 
ends, the umpire shall call for the batsman next in or- 
der to leave his seat on the bench and take his position 
at the bat, and no player of the batting side shall leave 
his seat on the bench until so called to bat, except to 
become a coacher or substitute base runner, to take the 
place of a player on his team's batting list to comply 
with the umoire's order to leave the field or to make 
way for a fielder. 

BASE RUNNING RULES. 



Rule 5S« iLegal Order of Bases. 

The Base Runner must touch each base in legal order, 
viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases ; and when 
obliged to return while the ball is in play, must retouch 
the base or bases in reverse order. He can only acquire 
the right to a base by touching it, before having been 
put out, and shall then be entitled to hold such base 

L.GfC. 



lOO SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

until he has legally touched the next base in order, or 
has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding 
base runner. However, no base runner shall score a 
run to count in the game ahead of the base runner pre- 
ceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- 
ceding base runner who has not been put out in that 
inning. 
Rule 53. When the Batsman becomes a Base Bunner. 

The batsman becomes a base runner : 

Section i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 

Sec. 2. Instantly after 'Tour Balls" have been called 
by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. Instantly after "Three Strikes" have been de- 
clared by the umpire. 

Sec. 4. If, without making any attempt to strike at 
the ball, his person or clothing be hit by a pitched ball 
unless, in the opinion of the umpire, he plainly make no 
effort to get out of the way of the pitched ball and pur- 
posely permit himself to be hit. 

Sec. 5. If the catcher interfere with him in or pre- 
vent him from striking at a pitched ball. 

Bule 64. Entitled to Bases, 

The base runner shall be entitled, without liability 
to be put out, to advance a base in the following cases : 

Section i. If, while the batsman, the umpire calls 
"Four Balls," or award him first base by being hit by a 
pitched ball or for being interfered with by the catcher 
in striking at a pitched ball. 

Sec. 2. If, while a batsman, a fair hit ball strike the 
person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner on 
fair ground. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire award to a succeeding batsman 
a base on four balls, or for being hit by a pitched ball, 
or being interfered with by the catcher in striking at 
a pitched ball and the base runner be thereby forced to 
vacate the base held by him. 

Sec. 4. If the umpire call a "Balk." 

Sec. 5. If a ball delivered by the pitcher pass the 
catcher and touch the umpire or any fence or building 
within ninety (90) feet of the home base. 

Sec. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by 
the obstruction of a fielder, unless the latter have the 
ball in his hand ready to touch the base runner. 



sciCNce or baseball. ioi 

Sec. 7. If the fielder stop or catch a batted ball with 
his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, while detached 
from its proper place on his person. 

Rule 55* Keturning: to Bases. 

The base runner shall return to his base without liabil- 
ity to be put out: 

Section i. If the umpire declare a foul tip (as de- 
fined in Rule 46) or any other foul hit, not legally 
caught by a fielder. 

Sec. 2. If the umpire declare a foul strike. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire declare a dead ball, unless it be 
also the fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to 
take the next base, as provided in Rule 54, Section 3. 

Sec. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire inter- 
fere with the catcher in an attempt to throw or the um- 
pire be struck by a ball thrown by the catcher or other 
fielder to intercept a base runner. 

Sec. 5. If a pitched ball at which the batsman strikes, 
but misses, touch any part of the batsman's person. 

Sec. 6. In any and all of these cases the base runner 
is not required to touch the intervening bases in return- 
ing to the base he is legally entitled to. 

Rule 56. When Base Runners are out. 

The base runner is out: 

Section i. If, after three strikes have been declared 
against him while the batsman, the third strike ball be 
not legally caught, and he plainly attempts to hinder the 
catcher from fielding the ball. 

Sec. 2. If, having made a fair hit while batsman, 
such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a fielder be- 
fore touching the ground or any object other than a 
fielder; provided, if it be not caught in a fielder's hat, 
cap, protector, pocket or other part of his uniform. 

Sec. 3. If, when the umpire has declared 'Three 
Strikes" on him while the batsman, the third strike ball 
be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the 
ground; provided, if it be not caught in a fielder's cap, 
protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or touch 
some object other than a fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be 
touched with the ball in the hand of a fielder before he 
shall have touched first base. 



I02 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

Sec. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be 
securely held by a fielder while touching first base with 
any part of his person before such base runner touch 
first base. 

Sec. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance 
from home base to first base, while the ball is being 
fielded to first base, he run outside the three-foot lines, 
as defined in Rule 7, unless he do so to avoid a fielder 
attempting to field a batted ball. 

Sec. 7. If, in running from first to second base, from 
second to third base, or from third to home base, he run 
more than three feet from a direct line between a base 
and the next one in regular or reverse order to avoid 
being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder. But in 
case a fielder be occupying a base runner's proper path 
in attempting to field a batted ball, then the base runner 
shall run out of direct line to the next base and behind 
said fielder and shall not be declared out for so doing. 

Sec. 8. If he fail to avoid a fielder attempting to 
field a batted ball, in the manner described in sections 6 
and 7 of this rule, or in any way obstruct a fielder in 
attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally inter- 
fere with a thrown ball ; provided, that if two or more 
fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base run- 
ner come in contact with one or more of them, the um- 
pire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the bene- 
fit of this rule, and shall not decide the base runner out 
for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one 
the umpire determines to be entitled to field such batted 
ball. 

Sec. 9. If at any time while the ball is in play, he be 
touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless some 
part of his person be touching the base he is entitled to 
occupy; provided, however, that the ball be held by the 
fielder after touching him, unless the base runner delib- 
erately knock It out of his hand. 

Sec. 10. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a 
foul tip as defined in Rule 46) be legally caught by a 
fielder, such ball be legally held by a fielder on the base 
occupied by the base runner when such ball was batted, 
or the base runner be touched with the ball in the hands 
of a fielder, before he retouch such base after such fair 
or foul hit ball was so caught ; provided, that the base run- 
ner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 103 



legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the 
pitcher before the helder hold it on said base, or touch 
tlie base runner out with it ; but if the base runner, in at- 
temptuig to reach a base, detach it from its fastening 
before being touched or forced out, he shall be declared 
safe. 

Sec. II. If, when the batsman becomes a base runner, 
the first base, or the first and second bases, or the first, 
second and third bases be occupied, any base runner so 
occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, 
and may be put out at the next base in the same manner 
as in running to first base, or by being touched with the 
ball in the hands of a fielder at any time before any base 
runner following him in the batting order be put out, 
unless the umpire should decide the hit of the batsman 
to be an infield fly. 

Sec. 12. If a fair hit ball strike him before touching 
a fielder, and, in such case, no base shall be run unless 
necessitated by the batsman becoming a base runner, 
but no run shall be scored by any other base runner put 
out until the umpire puts the ball back into play. 

Sec. 13. If, when advancing bases, or forced to re- 
turn to a base, while the ball is in play, he fail to touch 
the intervening base or bases, if any, in the regular or 
reverse order as the case may be, he may be put out by 
the ball being held by a fielder on any base he failed to 
touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a 
fielder in the" same manner as in running to first base ; 
provided, that the base runner shall not be out in such 
case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher be- 
fore the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base 
runner with it. 

Sec. 14. If, when the umpire call "Play," after the 
suspension of a game, he fail to return to and touch the 
base he occupied when "Time" was called before touch- 
ing the next base ; provided, the base runner shall not be 
out, in such case, if the ball be delivered to the bat by 
the pitcher, before the fielder hold it on said base or 
touch the base runner with it. 

Overrunning First Base. 

Sec. 15. The base runner in running to first base may 
overrun said base after touching it in passing without 
incurring liability to be out for being of¥ said base, 
provided he return at once and retouch the base, after 



I04 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

which he may be put out as at any other base. If, after 
overrunning lirst base, he turn in the direction of or at- 
tempt to run to second base, before returning to first 
base, he shall forfeit such exemption from liability to 
be put out. 

Sec. i6. If, before two hands are out and while third 
base IS occupied, the coacher stationed near that base 
shall run in the direction of home base on or near the 
base line while a fielder is making or trying to make a 
play on a batted ball not caught on the Hy, or on a 
thrown ball, and thereby draws a throw to home base, 
the base runner entitled to third base shall be declared 
out by the umpire for the coacher's interference with and 
prevention of the legitimate play. 

Sec. 17. If one or more members of the team at bat 
stand or collect at or around a base for which a base 
runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side and 
adding to the dif^culty of making such play, the base 
runner shall be declared out for the interference of his 
team-mate or team-mates. 

Sec. 18. If he touch home base before a base runner 
preceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- 
ceding base runner, lose his right to third base. 

Rule 67. When Umpire Shall Declare an Out. 

The umpire shall declare the batsman or base run- 
ner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision 
in all cases where such player be put out in accordance 
with any of these rules, except Sections 13 and 15 of 
Rule 56. 

Rule 58. Coaching: Rules. 

The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base 
runner, and then only in words of assistance and direc- 
tion in running bases. He shall not, by words or signs, 
incite or try to incite the spectators to demonstrations, 
and shall not use language which will in any manner 
refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club, 
the umpire or the spectators. Not more than tv/o coach- 
ers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at 
bat, shall be allowed to occupy the space between the 
players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the 
other near third base, to coach base runners. If there be 
more than the legal number of coachers or this rule be 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. I05 

violated in any respect the captain of the opposite side 
may call the attention of the umpire to the otfense, and 
thereupon the umpire must order the illegal coacher or 
coachers to the bench, and if his order be not obeyed 
within one minute, the umpire shall assess a fine of $5.00 
against each offending player, and upon a repetition of 
the offense, the offending player or players shall be de- 
barred from further participation in the game, and shall 
leave the playing field forthwith. 

Rule 59. The Scoring of Kuns. 

One run shall be scored every time a base runner, 
after having legally touched the first three bases, shall 
legally touch the home base before three men are put 
out; provided, however, that if he reach home on or 
during a play in which the third man be forced out or 
be put out before reaching first base, a run shall not 
count. A force-out can be made only when a base run- 
ner legally loses the right to the base he occupies and is 
thereby obliged to advance as the result of a fair hit 
ball not caught on the fly. 



UMPIRE AND HIS DUTIES. 



Rule 60. Power to Enforce Decisions* 

The umpire is the representative of the League and 
as such is authorized and required to enforce each sec- 
tion of this code. He shall have the power to order a 
player, captain or manager to do or omit to do any act 
which in his judgment is necessary to give force and 
effect to one or all of these rules and to inflict penalties 
for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. 

Rule 61. 

There shall be no appeal from any decision of the um- 
pire on the ground that he was not correct in his con- 
clusion as to whether a batted ball was fair or foul, a 
base runner safe or out, a pitched ball a strike or ball, 
or on any other play involving accuracy of judgment, 
and no decision rendered by him shall be reversed, ex- 
cept that he be convinced that it is in violation of one of 
these rules. The captain shall alone have the right to 
protest against a decision and seek its reversal on a 
claim that it is in conflict with a section of these rules. 



Io6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

Rule 6^. Must Not Question Decisions. 

Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dis- 
pute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision 
on a play. 

Rule 63. Clubs Can Not Change Umpire. 

The umpire can not be changed during a champion- 
ship game by the consent of the contestmg clubs unless 
the official in charge of the field be incapacitated from 
service by injury or illness. 

Rule 64. Penalties for Violations of the Rules* 

In all cases of violation of these rules, by either a 
player or manager, the penalty for the first offense shall 
be a fine by the umpire of $5.00, and, for a second 
offense, prompt removal of the offender from the game 
or grounds, follov^ed by a period of such suspension 
from actual service in the club as the president of the 
League may fix. 

Rule 65. Umpire to Report Violations of the Rules. 

The umpire shall within twelve hours after fining or 
removing a player from the game, forward to the 
president a report of the penalty inflicted and the cause 
therefor. 

Rule 66. 

Immediately upon being informed by the umpire that 
a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or 
player, the president shall notify the person so fined and 
also the club of which he is a member ; and, in the event 
of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the sec- 
retary of the League the amount of said fine within five 
days after notice, he shall be debarred from participat- 
ing in any championship game or from sitting on a 
players' bench during the progress of a championship 
game until such fine be paid. 

Rule 67. 

When the offense of the player debarred from the 
game be of a flagrant nature, such as the use of obscene 
language or an assault upon a player or umpire, the um- 
pire shall within four hours thereafter forward to the 
president of the League full particulars. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 107 

Rule 68. Warning: to Captains. 

The umpire shall notify both captains before the game, 
and in the presence of each other, that all the playing 
rules will be strictly and impartially enforced, and warn 
them that failure on their part to co-operate in such en- 
forcement will result in offenders being fined, and, if 
necessary to preserve discipline, debarred from the game. 

Rule 69. On Ground Rules. 

Before the commencement of a game the umpire shall 
see that the rules governing all the materials of the game 
are strictly observed. He shall ask the captain of the 
home club whether there are any special ground rules, 
and if there be he shall acquaint himself with them, ad- 
vise the captain of the visiting team of their scope and 
see that each is duly enforced, provided that it does not 
conflict with any of these rules. 

Rule 70. Official Announcements. 

The umpire shall call "Play" at the hour appointed 
for the beginning of a game, announce "Time" at its 
legal interruption and declare "Game" at its legal 
termination. 

Rule 71. Suspension of Play. 

The umpire shall suspend play for the following 
causes : 

1. If rain fall so heavily as to cause the spectators on 
the open field and open stands to seek shelter, in which 
case he shall note the time of suspension, and should 
rain fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he 
shall terminate the game. 

2. In case of an accident which incapacitates him or a 
player from service in the field, or in order to remove 
from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- 
lated the rules or in case of fire, panic or other extra- 
ordinary circumstances. 

Rule 73. Call of Time. 

In suspending play from any legal cause the umpire 
shall call "Time" ; when he calls "Time," play shall be 
suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the 
interim no player shall be put out, base be run or run be 
scored. "Time" shall not be called by the umpire until 
the ball be held by the pitcher while standing in his 
position. 



lo8 SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 

Rule 73. Decisions on Balls and Strikes. 

The umpire shall call and count as a ''ball" any unfair 
ball delivered by the pitcher to the batsman. He shall 
also call and count as a ''strike" any fairly delivered ball 
which passes over any portion of the home base, and 
within the batsman's legal range as defined in Rule 31, 
whether struck at or not by the batsman; or a foul tip 
which is caught by the catcher standing within the lines 
of his position, within 10 feet of the home base; or 
which, after being struck at and not hit, strike the per- 
son of the batsman ; or when the ball be bunted foul by 
the batsman; or any foul hit ball not caught on the fly 
unless the batsman has two strikes, provided, however, 
that a pitched iDall shall not be called or counted a 
"ball" or ^'strike" by the umpire until it has passed the 
home plate. 

Rule 74. 

If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and jurisdic- 
tion shall extend to all points, and he shall be permitted 
to take his stand in any part of the field that in his 
opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties. If 
two umpires be assigned to a game, the assistant umpire 
shall decide all plays at first and second bases. 

Rule 75. Field Rules. 

No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field 
during the progress of a game except the players in uni- 
form, the manager of each side, the umpire, such ofBcers 
of the law as may be present in uniform, and such 
watchmen of the home club as may be necessary to pre- 
serve the peace. 

Rule 76. 

No manager, captain or player shall address the spec- 
tators during a game except in reply to a request for 
information about the progress or state of the game. 

Rule 77. 

Every club shall furnish sufificient police force to pre- 
serve order upon its own grounds, and in the event of a 
crowd entering the field during the progress of a game, 
and interfering with the play in any manner, the visit- 
ing club may refuse to play until the field be cleared. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 109 

If the field be not cleared within 15 minutes thereafter, 
the visiting club may claim and shall be entitled to the 
game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what 
number of innings has been played). 
Rule 78, General Definitions. 

"Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game or 
to resume it after its suspension. 

Rule 79. 

"Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play. 
Such suspension must not extend beyond the day. 

Rule 80. 

"Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the 
game is terminated. 

Rule 81. 

"An inning" is the term at bat of the nine players 
representing a club in a game and is completed when 
three of such players have been legally put out. 

Rule 8^. 

"A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a batsman. It 
begins when he takes his position, and continues until 
he is put out or becomes a base runner. But a time at 
bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is 
awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a 
pitched ball or for the illegal delivery of the pitcher or 
on called balls or when he makes a sacrifice hit. 

Rule 83. 

"Legal" or "Legally" signifies as required by these 
rules. 



THE SCORING RULES. 

Rule 84. 

To promote uniformity in scoring championship games 
the following instructions are given and suggestions 
and definitions made for the guidance of scorers, and 
they are required to make all scores in accordance there- 
with. 

Rule 85. The Batsman's Record. 

Section i. The first item in the tabulated score, after 
the player's name and position, shall be the number of 
times he has been at bat during the game, but the ex- 
ceptions made in Rule 82 must not be included. 



no SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

Sec. 2. In the second column shall be set down the 
runs, if any, made by each player. 

Sec. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first 
base hits, if any, made by each player. 

The Scoring of Base Hits. 

Sec. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following 
cases : 

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or 
within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders. 

When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by 
a fielder in motion, but such player can not recover him- 
self in time to field the ball to first before the striker 
reaches that base or to force out another base runner. 

When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or 
pitcher that he can not handle it in time to put out the 
batsman or force out a base runner. In a case of doubt 
over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and 
the fielder exempted from the charge of an error. 

When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he 
cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force 
out a base runner. 

In all cases where a base runner is retired by being hit 
by a batted ball, the batsman should be credited with a 
base hit. 

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the 
umpire, as defined in Rule 54, Section 2. 

In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base run- 
ner is forced out by the play. 

Sacrifice Hits. 

Sec. 5. In the fourth column shall be placed the sac- 
rifice hits. 

A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who, 
when no one is out or when but one man is out, ad- 
vances a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in 
the batsman being put out before reaching first, or would 
so result if it were handled without error. 
Fielding Records. 

Sec. 6. The number of opponents, if any, put out by 
each player shall be set down in the fifth column. Where 
the batsman is given out by the umpire for a foul strike, 
or fails to bat in proper order, the put-out shall be 
scored to the catcher. In case of the base runner being 
declared "out" for interference, running out of line, or 
on an infield fly, the "out" should be credited to the player 



SCIENCE OF DA8EBALU. HI 

who would have made the play but for the action of the 
base runner or the announcement of the umpire. 

Sec. 7. The number of times, if any, each player 
assists in putting out an opponent shall be set down in 
the sixth column. An assist should be given to each 
player who handles the ball in aiding in a run out or 
any other play of the kind, except the one w^ho com- 
pletes it. 

An assist should be given to a player who makes a 
play in time to put a runner out, even if the player who 
could complete the play fail, through no fault of the 
assisting player. 

And generally an assist should be given to each player 
who handles or assists in any manner in handling the 
ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the 
player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown 
ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, and 
in such a way that a put-out results, or would result if 
no error were made by a team-mate. 

Assists should be credited to every player who handles 
the ball in the play which results in a base runner being 
called "out" for interference or for running out of line. 

Errors. 

Sec. 8. An error shall be given in the seventh col- 
umn for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of 
the batsman or allows a base runner to make one or 
more bases when perfect play would have insured his 
being put out. But a wild pitch, a base on balls, a base 
awarded to a batsman by being struck by a pitched ball, 
an illegal pitch, a balk and a passed ball, each of which 
is a battery and not a fielding error, shall not be in- 
cluded in the seventh column. 

An error shall not be charged against the catcher for 
a wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base, 
unless the base runner advance an extra base because 
of the error. 

An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an 
infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unless 
the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained. 

In case a base runner advance a base throua^h the 
failure of a baseman to stoo or trv to stop a ball accu- 
rately thrown to his base, he shall be charged with an 
error and not the player who made such throw, pro- 
vided there were occasion for it. If such throw be made 



112 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

to second base the scorer shall determine whether the 
second baseman or shortstop shall be charged with an 
error. 

Stolen Bases. 

Sec. I. A stolen base shall be credited to the ba^ 
runner whenever he advances a base unaided by a basv 
hit, a put-out, a fielding or a battery error. 
Rule 86. 

The Summary shall contain: 

Section i. The score made in each inning of th^ 
game and the total runs of each side in the game. 

Sec. 2. The number of stolen bases, if any, by each 
player. 

Sec. 3. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 4. The number of three-base hits, if any, made 
by each player. 

Sec. 5. The number of home runs, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 6. The number of double and triple plays, if any, 
made by each side and the names of the players as- 
sisting in the same. 

Sec. 7. The number of innings each pitcher pitched 
in. 

Sec. 8. The number of base hits, if any, made off 
each pitcher. 

Sec. 9. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
strikes out the opposing batsmen. 

Sec. 10. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
gives bases on balls. 

Sec. II. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged 
to the pitcher. 

Sec. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
hits a batsman with a pitched ball. 

Sec. 13. The number of passed balls by each catcher. 

Sec. 14. The time of the game. 

Sec. 15. The name of the umpire. 



RULES FOR 
POST-SEASON CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES, 



Sec. I. The pennant-winning club of the National 
League and the pennant-winning club of the American 
League shall meet annually in a series of games for the 
professional baseball championship of the world. 

Sec. 2. The emblem of the professional baseball 
championship of the world shall be a silver cup of suit- 
able size and appropriate design, jointly contributed by 
the two leagues. 

Sec. 3. The games shall be played under the super- 
vision, control and direction of the National Commis- 
sion. 

Sec. 4. The event shall take place at the end of the 
championship season of each year. Seven games shall 
constitute a complete series. 

Sec. 5. The games shall be conducted according to 
the playing rules as provided for by the National 
Agreement. 

Sec. 6. The National Commission shall promulgate 
schedule for the event. Three games shall be scheduled 
in each of the cities of the contesting clubs, unless the 
commission should otherwise decide. In case it be- 
comes necessary to play the seventh game to decide the 
event, the commission shall determine the city in which 
the game is to be played. 

Sec. 7. The clubs entitled to contest for the world^s 
honor shajl be represented by the Presidents of their 
respective leagues and clubs. The Secretary of the 
National Commission will be required to notify all of 
the players of the contesting teams that they will be held 
amenable by the commission to all rules governing 
baseball and will be subject to discipline regardless of 
contracts. 

Sec. 8. The clubs shall continue to play each day 
according to the authorized schedule until one of them 



114 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

has won four games, when the contest shall end, and 
the club winning shall be entitled to hold the emblem 
of the world's championship during the ensuing base- 
ball season. 

Sec. 9. The National Commission shall reserve to 
itself the right to terminate the series at any time 
that it deems the interest of baseball demands it, and 
to declare one of the contesting clubs the winner of 
the championship regardless of previous performances. 

Sec. 10. Each of the clubs participating in the event 
shall guarantee to the National Commission in such 
manner as the latter may prescribe, that they will faith- 
fully carry out all of the provisions of these rules and 
regulations and such others as the commission may 
hereafter make to govern the games, and that they 
will not exercise an arbitrary right or privilege of 
abandoning the series until it has been completed or 
the championship determined. 

Sec. II. There shall be two umpires who shall be 
invested with the authority and discretion that the play- 
ing rules confer, and they shall observe the same gen- 
eral instructions with reference to maintaining order 
and discipline upon the ball field during these con- 
tests that govern them in the performance of their 
duties in all other games in their respective leagues. 

Sec. 12. The President of the National League and 
the President of the American League shall each select 
one umpire from their respective leagues, and the um- 
pires so chosen shall be assigned to duty and be sub- 
ject to the orders of the Chairman of the National 
Commission. 

Sec. 13. The compensation of the umpires shall be 
fixed by the National Commission. 

Sec. 14. The expenses of the National Commission 
pertaining to these games, the salaries of the umpires, 
and other miscellaneous and contingent expenses in 
connection therewith, shall be paid out of the funds to 
be received by the commission from these games. Should 
these funds prove insufficient to this purpose, the bal- 
ance shall be paid out of the regular funds of the com- 
mission, and should there be a surplus in these funds 
it shall be credited each year to the regular funds of 
the commission. All other expenses of both clubs, 
such as hotel bills and traveling expenses, balls, adver- 



SCIENCE or BASEBALL II5 

tising, policing of grounds, ticket sellers and takers, 
incidentals, etc., shall be paid by the club incurring 
the same. Should any difference arise at any time 
as to the latter expense, the same shall be submitted 
to the commission for adjudication and its finding shall 
be conclusive. 

Sec. 15. Each contesting club shall preserve its con- 
stitutional rights during games played upon its own 
grounds with reference to the conduct of its business 
affairs in connection therewith, but the visiting club 
shall also be allowed its inherent rights and whatever 
representation and facilities it may require to properly 
protect the interests of the club and its players. 

Sec. 16. The rates of admission and the condi- 
tions governing the same shall be fixed by and be under 
the control of the National Commission. 

Sec. 17. The receipts from the games shall be di- 
vided as follows : 

1. Ten per cent, of the gross receipts from all games 
shall be paid to the National Commission. 

2. — per cent of the balance, from the first four 
games shall form a pool for the players of the two 
teams, to be divided 75 per cent, to the winner and 25 
per cent, to the loser of the contest. 

3. After the 10 per cent, deductions for the com- 
mission and the two leagues from all the games and 
that which forms the players' pool from the first four 
games, the balance of the gross receipts shall be divided 
equally between the two clubs. 

4. The amount to be paid into the players' pool as 
provided by this section shall be paid to the com- 
mission, and the same shall be distributed to the 
players through the Secretary of the commission. 

Sec. 18. In the even that the schedule for a world's 
championship series extends beyond the player's con- 
tract season, then the salaries of the players who prop- 
erly belong to the pennant-winning clubs shall con- 
tinue, at the contract rate, to the end of the series of 
games scheduled, although only four or more games 
be played. 

Sec. 19. The free list shall be suspended during the 
contest except to representatives of^the press and club 
officials of the two leagues. 

Sec. 20. The winning team shall receive a pennant 



Il6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

and the individual players suitable trophies emblematic 
of the championship. 

Sec. 21. All questions arising out of the playing for 
the worlH's championship not provided for herein nor 
covered by the playing rules shall be dealt with and 
decided by the National Commission. 

Sec. 2.2. All clubs of both leagues, v^hether holding 
the cup or challenging for it, hereby agree absolutely 
to conform strictly to all the articles of these rules, and 
in any cases not herein provided for, to conform 
to the decisions of the National Commission. 

Sec. 22i. These same rules may apply to all other 
games played between National and American League 
clubs upon application being made to the National Com- 
mission, except as to the division of the receipts ex- 
clusive of the amount to be paid to the National Com- 
mission and the two leagues, which shall be mutually 
agreed upon between the clubs participating in such 
games, provided, all players shall be paid at their con- 
tract prices for all games of this character that they 
are obliged to play after the expiration of their con- 
tracts. 

Sec. 24. After the adoption of this agreement by 
the National and American Leagues copies of the same 
shall be prepared by the respective leagues and sent to 
the President of each club, who shall, on or before the 
loth of March of each year, mail a copy to each plaver 
of his club. 



RECORDS OF SEASON t904 



NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1904. 



Players and Clubs. g ^ 

a ^ 

O ^ 

Wagner, Pittsburgh 132 490 

Donlin, Cincin. and N. Y.. 96 368 

Beckley, St. Louis 142 551 

Grady, St. Louis 02 323 

Seymour, Cincinnati 130 531 

Chance, Chicago 124 451 

Dunn, New York 55 181 

Clarke, Pittsburgh 70 278 

Beaumont, Pittsburgh 153 615 

Titus, Philadelphia 140 504 

Thomas, Philadelphia 3^9 496 

Gessler, Brooklyn 89 341 

McGann, New York 141 517 

Schulte, Chicago 20 84 

Delahanty, Boston 138 499 

Dolan, Cincinnati 126 465 

Odwell, Cincinnati 126 468 

Bresnahan, New York 107 402 

Browne, New York 149 596 

Smoot, St. Louis 137 520 

Devlin, New York 130 474 

Kelley, Cincinnati 123 449 

Shannon, St. Louis 133 500 

Lumley, Brooklyn 150 577 

McCor'k, H., N.Y. & Pitt'h. 120 441 

McGee, Philadelphia 95 364 

Mertes, New York 148 532 

Lush, Philadelphia 102 369 

Lauterborn, Boston 20 69 

Gleason, Philadelphia 153 587 

Cooley, Boston 122 467 

Tenney, Boston 147 533 

Dahlen, New York 145 523 

Casey, Chicago 136 548 

Brain, St. Louis 125 488 

Wolverton, Philadelphia . . 102 398 

Evers, Chicago 152 532 

Babb, Brooklyn 151 521 

McCarthy, Chicago 115 432 

Ritchey, Pittsburgh 156 544 

Huggins, Cincinnati 140 491 





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121 


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22 


72 


179 


.325 


17 


44 


101 


.313 


6 


71 


166 


.312 


11 


89 


140 


.310 


42 


27 


56 


.309 


11 


51 


85 


.306 


11 


97 


185 


.301 


28 


60 


148 


.294 


15 


92 


144 


.290 


28 


41 


99 


.290 


13 


81 


148 


.286 


42 


16 


24 


.286 


1 


56 


142 


.285 


16 


88 


132 


.284 


19 


75 


133 


.284 


20 


81 


114 


.284 


13 


99 


169 


.283 


24 


58 


146 


.281 


23 


81 


133 


.281 


33 


75 


126 


.281 


15 


84 


140 


.280 


34 


79 


161 


.279 


30 


53 


123 


.279 


19 


51 


101 


.277 


11 


83 


147 


.276 


47 


39 


102 


.276 


12 


7 


19 


.275 


1 


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161 


.274 


17 


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.272 


14 


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144 


.270 


17 


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47 


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18 


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34 


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14 


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143 


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12 


96 


129 


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13 



Il8 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1904. 

(Continued) 



Tlayers and Clubs. ^ 

B 

a 

O 

heever, Pittsburgh 34 

McChesney, Chicago 22 

Needham, Boston 78 

Slagle, Chicago 120 

Dillon, Brooklyn 134 

Roth, Philadelphia 68 

Ewing, Cincinnati 30 

LeaclT,' Pittsburgh 146 

Abbaticchio, Boston 154 

Shay, St. Louis 98 

Farrell, St. Louis 130 

Batch, Brooklyn 28 

Gilbert, W., New York 146 

Sebring, Pitts'h & Cincin.. 136 

Dobbs, Brooklyn 95 

Ritter, Brooklyn 63 

Smith, H., Pittsburgh 47 

Carisch, Pittsburgh 36 

Hulswitt, Philadelphia ... 113 

Barry, Phila. & Chicago. . . 105 

Steinfeldt, Cincinnati .... 98 

Jones, D., Chicago 97 

Geier, Boston 148 

Kling, Chicago 120 

Peitz, Cincinnati 82 

Dooin, Philadelphia 104 

Phelps, Pittsburgh 92 

Gilbert, J., Pittsburgh 25 

Sheckard, Brooklyn 143 

Schlei, Cincinnati 88 

Dunleavy, St. Louis 51 

Cannell, Boston 93 

Jacklitsch, Brooklyn 23 

Bowerman, New York 90 

O'Neill, M., St. Louis 28 

Corcoran, Cincinnati 150 

Lynch, Pittsburgh 27 

Burke, St. Louis 118 

Moran, Boston Ill 

Mathewson, New York.... 48 

Mitchell., Phila. & Brookl'n 33 

Hill, St. Louis 23 

Wiltse, New York 25 

Bransfield, Pittsburgh .... 139 

Lundgren, Chicago 31 

Tinker, Chicago 141 

Doyle, Brooklyn and Phila 72 

Donahue, St. L. and Phila. 60 

Wicker, Chicago 50 



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481 


73 


125 


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511 


60 


132 


.258 


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16 


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478 


57 


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527 


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578 


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406 


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92 


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17 


398 


26 


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258 


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22 


47 


.219 


10 


155 


17 


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SCIENCE OF BASEBALL II9 

NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1904. 

(Continued) 



Players and Clubs. ^ a 



a; 



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2 


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9 


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9 


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3 


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88 


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17 


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17 


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57 


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6 


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21 


37 


.200 


9 


29 


57 


.199 


7 


84 


52 


.194 


8 


28 


52 


.192 


16 


20 


58 


.190 


9 


28 


64 


.184 


22 


5 


21 


.183 


1 


17 


60 


.182 


3 


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27 


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21 


45 


.179 


7 


10 


25 


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1 


10 


24 


.175 


4 


7 


17 


.172 


1 


6 


16 


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7 


14 


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8 


16 


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5 


14 


.167 


1 


11 


26 


.160 


5 


18 


13 


.159 


9 


14 


18 


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3 


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8 


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7 


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8 


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8 


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8 


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8 


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4 


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2 


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6 


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8 


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8 


4 


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8 


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2 


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Byers, St. Louis 17 60 

CNeill, J., Chicago 49 168 

Brown, Chicago 27 89 

Zearfoss, St. Louis 25 80 

Marshall, Phila., Bos., N.Y. 23 80 

Fisher, Boston i56 99 

Flaherty, Pittsburgh 31 104 

Taylor, J., St. Louis 41 133 

Raymer, Boston 114 419 

Barclay, St. L. and Boston. 127 468 

Carney, Boston 76 279 

Corridon, Chicago & Phila. 31 93 

Williams, Chicago 54 185 

Warner, New York 86 287 

Krueger, Pittsburgh 75 268 

Strang, Brooklyn 76 271 

Woodruff, Cincinnati 87 306 

McCormick, M., Brooklyn.. 105 347 

Weimer, Chicago 37 115 

Bergen, Brooklyn 94 329 

Willis, Boston 49 148 

Jordan, Brooklyn 85 252 

McGinnity, New York 51 142 

Jones, O., Brooklyn 46 137 

Hahn, Cincinnati 35 99 

Briggs, Chicago 34 94 

Duggleby, Philadelphia ... 32 82 

Sutthoff, Cincin. and Phila. 31 94 

Case, Pittsburgh 18 53 

McLean, St. Louis 24 84 

Hall, Philadelphia 46 163 

Kellum, Cincinnati 86 82 

Harper, Cincinnati 35 113 

Cronin, Brooklyn 40 108 

Taylor, Luther, New York. 37 102 

Nichols, St. Louis . . 36 100 

Fraser, Philadelphia 44 110 

McFarland, St. Louis 32 99 

Poole, Brooklyn 24 62 

Garvin, Brooklyn 23 63 

Ames, New York 16 40 

Phillipe, Pittsburg 21 65 

Scanlan, Pitts, and Bklyn. 17 41 

Walker, Cincinnati 24 77 

Pittenger, Boston 88 121 

Sparks, Philadelphia 26 76 

McNichol, Boston 17 43 

Wilhelm, Boston 39 100 

McPherson, Philadelphia . 15 47 

Miller, Pittsburgh 19 46 



I20 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



AMERICAN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1904. 



Players and Clubs. 



ffl 



bo 
a 



Lajoie, Cleveland 140 554 92 211 81 .381 

Keeler, New York 143 539 76 185 22 .343 

Davis, Philadelphia 102 403 54 124 15 .308 

Holmes, Chicago 67 250 42 77 14 .308 

Hoffman, Philadelphia. . . 53 203 32 62 7 .305 

Mullen, Detroit 52 151 14 46 1 .305 

Flick, Cleveland 149 575 95 174 42 .303 

Bradley, Cleveland 154 607 95 182 27 .300 

Stahl, Boston 157 583 84 173 13 .297 

Stovall, Cleveland 51 182 18 54 4 .297 

Parent, Boston 155 588 84 174 23 .296 

L. Cross, Philadelphia... 155 611 80 177 13 .290 

Murphy, Philadelphia ... 149 550 80 158 22 .286 

Dougherty, New York 155 644 113 182 20 .282 

Seybold, Philadelphia ... 143 511 55 144 12 .282 

Hickman, Detroit 126 479 52 135 12 .282 

Anderson, New York 143 549 66 154 20 .281 

Freeman, Boston 157 598 64 166 11 .278 

Fultz, New York 96 338 39 94 18 .278 

Bruce, Philadelphia 30 101 9 28 2 .277 

Burkett, St. Louis 147 576 72 157 12 .273 

Wallace, St. Louis 139 550 57 150 19 .273 

Lush, Cleveland 138 478 76 130 11 .272 

Donovan, Detroit 44 140 12 38 4 .271 

Heidrick, St. Louis 133 539 65 145 33 .269 

Vinson, Cleveland 15 52 12 14 2 .269 

Clarkson, New York 13 26 3 7 .269 

Green, Chicago 148 533 82 142 

Collins, Boston 156 633 85 168 

Barrett, Detroit 162 628 83 166 

Selbach, Boston 146 552 66 145 

Callahan, Chicago 132 479 66 126 

McFarland, Chicago 50 160 22 42 

Sugden, St. Louis 104 347 25 91 

Stahl, Washington 141 517 53 135 

Ganzel, New York 129 464 48 121 

Bay, Cleveland 132 507 69 132 

Williams, New York 146 560 60 145 

Davis, Chicago 152 558 74 143 

Elberfeld. New York 122 445 54 114 16 .256 

Smith, Chicago 26 72 7 18 .256 

Mclntyre, Detroit 152 574 73 146 11 .254 

Hemphill, St. Louis 114 438 47 111 24 .253 

Donahue, Chicago 102 367 47 92 21 .251 

Conroy, New York 140 486 60 121 29 .249 

Hartsel, Philadeluhia ... 147 534 78 133 23 .249 

Orth, New York.. 56 169 13 42 4 .249 

Coughlin, Detroit 120 472 50 117 10 .248 

Drill, Detroit 94 302 24 75 4 .248 

Hughes, Washington 39 105 12 26 1 .248 



28 .266 

19 .265 

15 .264 

19 .263 

32 .263 

1 .263 

6 .262 

26 .261 

14 .261 

42 .260 

17 .259 

32 .256 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



121 



AMERICAN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1904. 

(Continued) 



Players and Clubs. 








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15 


43 


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11 


64 


8 


.242 


58 


151 


11 


.241 


28 


61 


2 


.240 


28 


96 


6 


.289 


82 


104 


16 


.289 


42 


108 


22 


.288 


40 


98 


22 


.287 


41 


96 


5 


.286 


9 


30 





.286 


29 


87 


11 


.235 


61 


137 


16 


.284 


40 


87 


19 


.284 


18 


41 


2 


.283 


55 


131 


7 


.281 


8 


18 


8 


.228 


49 


124 


14 


.226 


35 


75 


6 


.225 


56 


101 


20 


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9 


24 


1 


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9 


25 


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49 


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7 


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35 


89 


10 


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16 


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1 


.219 



Crawford, Detroit 150 571 

Jones, Chicago 150 547 

Wood, Detroit 49 176 

Kittredge, Washington . . 80 264 

Jones, St. Louis 156 627 

Hynes, St. Louis 66 254 

Huelsman, Washington . . 112 401 

Donovan, Washington . . 125 434 

Padden, St. Louis 132 454 

O'Neill, Washington 112 413 

Turner, Cleveland Ill 407 

Plank, Philadelphia 45 127 

Sullivan, Chicago 108 370 

Cassidy, Washington .... 152 586 

Dundon, Chicago 108 372 

Chesbro, New York 55 176 

La Chance, Boston 157 567 

Bender, Philadelphia 29 79 

Tannehill, Chicago 153 548 

Bemis, Cleveland 95 383 

Pickering, Philadelphia.. 122 450 

Henley, Philadelphia .... 36 107 

Howell, St. Louis.. 35 112 

Ferris, Boston 156 562 

McCormick, Washington.. 112 406 

Farrell, Boston 67 196 



RECORD OF THE WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES : 



1884 — Providence (National League), 3; Metropolitan 

(American Association), 0. 
1885 — Chicago (National League), 3; St. Louis (American 

Association), 3. 
1886 — Chicago (National League), 2; St. Louis (American 

Association), 4. 
1887 — Detroit (National League), 11; St. Louis (American 

Association), 4. 
1888 — New York (National League), 6; St. Louis (American 

Association), 4. 
1889 — New York (National League), 6; Brooklyn (American 

Association), 8. 
1890 — Brooklyn (National League), 3; Louisville (American 

Association), 3. 
1903 — Pittsburgh (National League), 8; Boston (American 

League), 5. 



122 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

PENNANT WINNERS OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 



Year. Champions, Won. Lost. P. C. 

1876 Chicago 52 14 .788 

1877 Boston 31 17 .648 

1878... Boston 41 19 .707 

1879 Providence 55 23 .705 

1880 Chicago 67 17 .798 

1881 Chicago 55 28 .667 

1882 Chicago 55 29 .655 

1883 Boston 63 35 .643 

1884 Providence 84 28 .750 

1885 Chicago 87 25 .770 

1886 Chicago 90 34 .725 

1887 Detroit 79 45 .637 

1888 New York 84 47 .641 

1889 New York 83 43 .659 

1890 Brooklyn 86 43 .667 

1891 Boston 87 51 .630 

1892 Boston 102 48 .680 

1893 Boston 86 44 .662 

1894 Baltimore 89 39 .695 

1895 Baltimore 87 43 .669 

1896 Baltimore 90 39 .698 

1897 Boston 93 39 .705 

1898 Boston 102 47 .685 

1,999 Brooklyn 101 47 .682 

moo Brooklyn 82 54 .603 

1901 Pittsburgh 90 49 .647 

1902 Pittsburgh 103 36 .745 

1 903 Pittsburgh 91 49 .650 

1904.. New York 106 47 .693 



PENNANT WINNERS OF THE AMERICAN LEAGUE. 



Year. Champions. 

1900 Chicago. 

1901 Chicago 

1002 Philadelphia. 

1903. . Boston 

1904 Boston 



ron. 


Lost. 


Pet. 


82 


53 


.607 


83 


53 


.610 


83 


53 


.610 


91 


47 


.659 


95 


59 


.617 



RECORDS OF THE MINOR LEAGUES FOR 1904. 



THE EASTERN LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Buffalo 88 46 .657 [Montreal 67 62 .519 

Baltimore 78 52 .600 1 Toronto 67 71 486 

Jersey City... 76 57 .5711 Providence 52 81 .391 

Newark 77 59 .566} Rochester 28 105 .211 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



123 



RECORDS OP THE MINOR LEAGUES FOR 1904. 
(Continued) 



THE SOUTHERN LEAGUE. 



Memphis 81 

Atlanta 78 

New Orleans. . 70 
Birmingnam .. 73 



Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. 
54 .6001 Nashville 72 

57 .578|r-ittle Rock 61 

58 .n77l Shreveport 55 

64 .5331 Montgomery .. 44 



THE CONNECTICUT LEAGUE. 



Lost. 
67 
74 
81 

88 



Pet. 
.518 
.452 
.404 
.333 



Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Bridgeport ... 71 45 .612 1 New London... 56 60 .483 

Springfield ... 59 46 . 600 1 Norwich 53 61 .465 

New Haven... 69 47 .5941 Hartford 53 62 .461 

Holyoke 58 55 .513|Meriden 31 84 .269 

MISSOURI VALLEY LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

lola 83 42 .6641 Pittsburgh .... 57 65 .467 

Springfield ... 77 47 .621 1 Leavenworth ..48 72 .400 

Joplin 77 48 .616|Topeka 45 75 .375 

Sedalia .. 71 52 .577|Ft. Scott 36 89 .288 

SOUTH ATLANTIC LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Macon 67 45 .598 1 Jacksonville ... 58 57 .504 

Savannah 63 48 .5671 Columbia 47 62 .^."-^ 

Charleston ... 59 50 .541 [Augusta 41 73 .360 

KENTUCKY-ILLINOIS-TENNESSEE LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I 



Paducah 73 49 

Cairo 71 50 

Clarksville ... 64 57 



Won. Lost. Pet. 

.5981 Henderson 55 67 .451 

.587|Hopkinsville ... 52 71 A2;i 

.529|Vincennes 51 71 .418 



COTTON STATES LEAGUE. 



Pine Bluff. 
Vicksburg . 
Monroe . . . 



Won. Lost. Pet. I 

. 73 43 .629 1 Greenville 

48 .5861 Baton Rouge... 49 
56 .5251 Natchez 42 



68 
62 



Won, Lost. Pet. 

. 49 56 .467 
63 . 4.^/1 
74 .362 



IOWA LEAGUE. 



Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Ottumwa 69 30 .6571 Ft. Dodge 58 50 .537 

Waterloo 64 43 .59.S|Boone 49 60 .455 

Marshallton .. 62 46 .5641 Oskaloosa 36 70 .310 

Keokuk 57 53* .5191 Burlington 35 75 .318 



124 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

RECORDS OP THE MINOR LEAGUES FOR 1904. 
(Continued) 



THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

St. Paul 95 52 .6461 Louisville 77 70 .524 

Columbus 88 61 .591 1 Indianapolis ... 69 85 .448 

Milwaukee 89 63 .5851 Kansas City... 60 91 .387 

Minneapolis ..78 67 .538 [Toledo 42 109 .272 

NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. 1 Won. Lost. Pet. 

Syracuse 91 44 .674 1 Troy 61 73 .455 

Albany 81 52 .609|Utica 59 73 .447 

Ilion 75 56 .5731 Scranton 47 75 .385 

A. J. G 65 61 .5161Binghamton ....40 85 .320 

NEW ENGLAND LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Haverhill 80 42 .656 1 Lowell 61 59 .508 

Fall River 64 60 .5161 Manchester 61 60 .504 

Nashua 64 60 .5161 Concord 60 64 .484 

New Bedford.. 63 60 .512ILawrence 37 85 .303 

CENTRAL LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Ft. Wayne 88 51 .633 1 Dayton 67 70 .489 

Terre Haute... 76 63 .547 1 Marion 61 75 .449 

South Bend... 75 65 .5361 Grand Rapids.. 58 81 .417 

Wheeling 72 65 .526| Evansville 56 83 .403 

INDIANA-ILLINOIS-IOWA LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Decatur 59 62 .488 

Rock Island.... 57 65 .467 

Davenport 52 68 .430 

Rockford 48 76 .387 

PACIFIC NATIONAL LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Boise 82 49 .6261 Butte 54 75 .419 

Spokane 72 57 .558|Salt Lake 51 78 .395 

HUDSON RIVER LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Poughkeepsio . 70 46 .603 1 Kingston 56 56 .500 

Paterson 63 48 .5681 Saugerties 49 63 .438 

Hudson 66 53 .555|Newburgh 35 74 .321 

THE WESTERN LEAGUE. 

Won. Lost. Pet. I Won. Lost. Pet. 

Omaha 90 60 .600|Des Moines 79 69 .534 

Col. Springs... 85 58 .5941 St. Joseph 53 93 .365 

Denver 87 61 .5881 Sioux City 45 98 .315 



Springfield ... 72 47 .605 

Cedar Rapids.. 69 52 .570 

Dubuque 69 54 .561 

Bloomington ..60 61 .496 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



125 



NATIONAL LEAGUE RECORD OF GAMES FOR 1904. 



CLUBS. 












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11 12 12 15 



Chicago 11 .. 13 9 15 

Cincinnati 10 8 .. 11 14 

Pittsburgh 10 13 11 . . 12 

St. Louis 7 7 8 10 .. 

Brooklyn 3 5 8 7 7 

Boston 2 9 7 8 9 

Philadelphia 4 7 6 9 7 



19 
17 
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14 14 

15 13 
. . 13 

9 .. 
9 



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17 106 

15 93 

16 88 
13 87 
15 75 
13 56 
11 55 
.. 52 



Games lost 47 60 65 66 79 97 98 100 612 



Won. Lost. Pet. 

New York 106 47 .693 

Chicago 93 60 .608 

Cincinnati .... 88 65 .575 
Pittsburgh .... 87 66 .569 



St. Louis. . . 
Brooklyn . . 

Boston 

Philadelphia 



Won. Lost. Pet. 
.75 79 .487 
. 56 97 .366 
. 55 98 .359 
, . 52 100 .342 



AMERICAN LEAGUE RECORD OF GAMES FOR 1904. 



^LUBS. d I a I I 

g I 2 I 2 

M ^ O O Ph 

Boston 12 13 9 13 

New York 10 .. 10 11 12 

Chicago 9 12 . . 14 8 

Cleveland 13 9 8 .. 11 

Philadelphia 9 9 14 10 . . 

St. Louis 10 6 8 9 10 

Detroit 6 7 8 8 10 

Washington 2 4 4 4 6 

Games lost 59 59 65 65 70 

Won. Lost. Pet. I 

Boston 95 59 .617 Philadelphia 

New York 92 59 .600 1 St. Louis... 

Chicago 89 65 .578|Detroit 

Cleveland .... 86 65 .570 1 Washington 



m 



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16 15 
14 14 

13 14 
11 12 
.. 11 

8 



11 
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20 95 

18 92 

18 89 

18 86 

16 81 

11 65 

12 62 
.. 38 



87 90 113 608 



Won. Lost. Pet. 
. 81 70 .536 
. 65 87 .428 
.62 90 .408 
. 38 113 .252 



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